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Name: _______________________ Class Period:________ Topic 3: Earth in the Universe pg.33-43 Adapted from Mr. D’Anna http://www.dannascience.com/ Due: Monday May5th Due: Monday May 5th Origin and Age of the Universe pg.33 1. Define a celestial object: 2. What do the majority of scientists believe was the origin of our Universe? 3. Approximately when did the Big Bang occur? 4. What is some recent evidence that supports the Big Bang Theory? 5. What can scientists infer by studying the spectrum of electromagnetic energy coming from stars and other celestial objects? 6. What does a Doppler Red Shift indicate? 7. The collective light from the stars in all galaxies, except for a few galaxies close to Earth is shifted to the ________ end of the spectrum. 8. The fact that almost all galaxies exhibit a red shift indicates _________________ 9. The farther away a galaxy is the faster it is moving away. This is Hubble’s Law. Review Questions pg. 35 1-6 1._____ 2._____ 3._____ 4._____ 5._____ 6._____ Structure of the Universe pg. 3 10. Define Galaxy: 11. How are Galaxies classified? 12. What Galaxy is Earth? ________________________________________________________ 13. What is the shape of our Galaxy? _______________________________________________ Stars pg 36 14. Where does the energy produced by stars come from? 15. What is the luminosity of a star? Using the “Luminosity and Temperature of Stars” chart on p.15 of the ESRT’s. 16. Compare the temperature of Red stars to the temperature of Blue stars. Main Sequence Stars 17. About what percent of stars studied are Min Sequence Stars Star Origin and Evolution 18. What is it believed that stars originate from? Study figure 3-5. 19. In what stage does a star spend most of its life? 20. What determines whether or not a Red Giant star becomes a Supernova or a White dwarf? Review Questions pg. 38 (7-23) 7. _____ 8._____ 9._____ 10._____ 11._____ 12._____ 13._____ 14._____ 15._____ 16._____ 17._____ 18._____ 19._____ 20._____ 21._____ 22._____ 23._____ Solar System pg. 39 21. How does your review book define our Solar system? 22. Near the bottom of p.39 a correction in the text must be made. What is it? 23. List two differences between Asteroids and Planets. 24. Define Moon: 25. What is a meteorite? Evolution of the Solar System pg. 40 26. How old is our Solar system? Read the caption below figure 3-6. Review Questions pg. 41 (24-29) 24._____ 25._____ 26._____ 27._____ 28._____ 29._____ Planet Characteristics pg. 41 27. How could the Sun have caused the differences between the inner and outer planets? 28. Which planets are the terrestrial planets? 29. Which planets are the Jovian planets? Motions of the Planets pg. 42 30. Define rotation: 31. Use the “Solar System Data” chart on p.15 of the ESRT to find out how long a day is on Jupiter. 32. Define revolution: 33. What is the actual shape of the planets orbit around the Sun? 34. Define eccentricity: 35. What is the equation to calculate the eccentricity of an orbit? 36. Compare the eccentricity of Earth’s orbit to Venus’ orbit. (use p.15 ESRT) 37. When is the Earth closest to the Sun? This is called Perihelion. 38. When is the Earth farthest from the Sun? This is called Aphelion. 39. Define inertia: 40. ______________________ is the attractive force that exists between any two objects in the Universe. The gravitational force is proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. 41. Why do astronauts weigh less on the moon than they do on Earth? 42. Why do the velocities of the planets in orbit around the Sun vary? 43. When would the Earth have its greatest orbital velocity? Think back to questions 37 & 38. Review Questions pg. 44 (30-50) 30._____ 31._____ 32._____ 33._____ 34._____ 35._____ 36._____ 37._____ 38._____ 39._____ 40._____ 41._____ 42._____ 43._____ 44._____ 45._____ 46._____ 47._____ 48._____ 49._____ 50._____