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CHAPTER 5 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Learning Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to • Identify and define the combining forms and suffixes introduced in this chapter. • Correctly spell and pronounce medical terms and major anatomical structures relating to the cardiovascular system. • Describe the major organs of the cardiovascular system and their functions. • Describe the anatomy of the heart. • Describe the flow of blood through the heart. • Explain how the electrical conduction system controls the heartbeat. • List and describe the characteristics of the three types of blood vessels. • Define pulse and blood pressure. • Identify and define cardiovascular system anatomical terms. • Identify and define selected cardiovascular system pathology terms. • Identify and define selected cardiovascular system diagnostic procedures. • Identify and define selected cardiovascular system therapeutic procedures. • Identify and define selected medications relating to the cardiovascular system. • Define selected abbreviations associated with the cardiovascular system. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen, In-Class Activities to Accompany Medical Terminology: A Living Language, 5th Edition 107 Worksheet 5A New Combining Form and Suffix Handout Directions: For each combining form and suffix below, write out its meaning. Then locate a new term from the chapter that uses the combining form or suffix. Combining Forms Meaning Chapter Term Meaning 1. angi/o 2. aort/o 3. arteri/o 4. ather/o 5. atri/o 6. cardi/o 7. coron/o 8. corpor/o 9. embol/o 10. ischi/o 11. myocardi/o 12. pect/o 13. phleb/o 14. sphygm/o 15. steth/o 16. thromb/o 17. valv/o 18. valvul/o 19. varic/o 20. vascul/o 21. vas/o 22. ven/o 23. ventricul/o 108 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen, In-Class Activities to Accompany Medical Terminology: A Living Language, 5th Edition Meaning Suffixes Chapter Term Meaning 24. -manometer 25. -ole 26. -tension 27. -tonic 28. -ule © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen, In-Class Activities to Accompany Medical Terminology: A Living Language, 5th Edition 109 Worksheet 5B Medical Term Analysis Directions: Below are terms built from word parts used in this chapter that are not analyzed in the Word Building Table. Many are built from word parts you have learned in previous chapters. Analyze each term presented below and list and define the word parts used to build each term. Medical Term Word Part Analysis 1. pulmonary 2. atrioventricular 3. cardiology 4. arteriosclerosis 5. atherosclerosis 6. hypotension 7. thrombophlebitis 8. angiography 9. valvulitis 10. electrocardiography 11. cardiopulmonary 110 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen, In-Class Activities to Accompany Medical Terminology: A Living Language, 5th Edition Medical Term Word Part Analysis 12. thrombolytic 13. sphygmomanometer 14. cardiomyopathy 15. myocarditis 16. hypertension 17. intracoronary © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen, In-Class Activities to Accompany Medical Terminology: A Living Language, 5th Edition 111 Worksheet 5C Unscramble Directions: Unscramble each medical term below. A definition for the term is given below each scrambled term. 1. a a i h h m r r t y Irregular heartbeat 2. r c a r i s o h d e x i r A ruptured heart wall 3. a e i i m h s c Loss of blood supply from occlusion 4. o l b n i l i a t i f r Abnormal quivering of heart 5. y r e s o n e i n t p h High blood pressure 6. r r a a c y a b d i d Abnormally slow heart rate 7. m n u e r s a y A weakened and widened artery 8. r r o o c a y n Pertaining to the heart 9. l r e a r i t r o c e o s i s s Hardening of an artery 10. m k a c e a e r p Electrical device to stimulate the heart to beat 112 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen, In-Class Activities to Accompany Medical Terminology: A Living Language, 5th Edition Worksheet 5D Sound It Out Directions: The following are some of the key terms from this chapter written as their phonetic spellings. Sound out each term and write it in the blank. Pronunciations for all terms are included in the glossary at the end of the book and in the audio glossary located on Medical Terminology Interactive. 1. AN-jee-oh-plas-tee 2. in-trah-VEE-nus 3. ath-er-oh-skleh-ROH-sis 4. brad-ee-CAR-dee-ah 5. CAR-dee-ak 6. CAR-dee-oh-VAS-kyoo-lar 7. ay-OR-tik 8. KOR-ah-nair-ee 9. ee-lek-troh-car-dee-OG-rah-fee 10. ul-trah-son-OG-rah-fee 11. is-KEYH-mee-ah 12. em-boh-LIZ-em 13. end-ar-teh-REK-toh-mee 14. fih-brill-AY-shun 15. high-per-TEN-shun 16. IN-farkt 17. VEE-nus 18. my-oh-CAR-dee-all 19. fleh-BYE-tis 20. in-ter-ven-TRIK-yoo-lar 21. VAL-view-lar 22. car-dee-oh-MEG-ah-lee 23. pol-ee-ar-ter-EYE-tis 24. throm-BOH-sis 25. STETH-oh-scope © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen, In-Class Activities to Accompany Medical Terminology: A Living Language, 5th Edition 113 Worksheet 5E Word Search Puzzle Directions: Find and circle the answer for each definition in the word search puzzle. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 114 R L H D R K M R G C K T N E R V Q H M N G D K R Z M H S T N E F B Z L N M L N Z J Y M I J D T Q M R K G M K F M P R L G C A E N L B A X T Y Z O K M M O I R M O F N Z D J N T L M N M L T T O I C M T D Y E G S R R C O Y E N T N G F F N C Y X N N N I L R A A B L B S F R A F F G P D O E M L T N I Q U C V R W T M R B C O L L O V E H B B Q D R T A M T M I N L N K G M G H L I C C O O G R Q A L L L Q K K N R A C R M Y B T B M J H C J Z M P V K H Y H I L Y R T T C R A F N I L T R P F T V A R R H Y T H M I A N L S L A specialist in studying the heart. A localized widening of an artery. An irregular heartbeat. Abnormally slow heartbeat. Surgical removal of the inner lining of an artery. Abnormal quivering of heart. A decrease in blood pressure. An area of tissue necrosis. Drug that dissolves existing blood clot. A blood pressure cuff. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen, In-Class Activities to Accompany Medical Terminology: A Living Language, 5th Edition Worksheet 5F Crossword Puzzle Directions: Use the definitions given to complete the crossword puzzle. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ACROSS 4 Low blood pressure 6 Heart chamber that receives blood 7 Abnormal heart sound 9 Removal of inner lining of artery 10 Also called cardioversion DOWN 1 Electrical device to stimulate heart 2 Pumping heart chamber 3 Area of tissue necrosis from ischemia 5 Abnormally fast heart rate 8 Stainless steel tube placed in a vessel © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen, In-Class Activities to Accompany Medical Terminology: A Living Language, 5th Edition 115 Crossword Puzzle Directions: Use the definitions given to complete the crossword puzzle. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ACROSS 1 Largest artery in the body 4 veins are swollen and distended veins 5 Heart divided into halves by the 7 High blood pressure 9 Term meaning small vein 10 Slow heart beat 116 DOWN 1 Listening to body sounds such as heart sounds 2 Term meaning pertaining to between ventricles 3 Term meaning hardening of an artery 5 Instrument used to listen to body sounds 6 Widening of artery due to weak arterial wall 8 Blood vessel carries blood toward heart © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen, In-Class Activities to Accompany Medical Terminology: A Living Language, 5th Edition Worksheet 5G Chapter Review Anatomy and Physiology 1. The circulation transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs to get oxygen. 2. The is the muscular middle layer of the heart. 3. The are the upper chambers of the heart, and the are the lower pumping chambers. 4. The and valves are atrioventricular valves. 5. Another name for the mitral valve is the valve. 6. Blood ejected from the right ventricle enters the the left ventricle enters the , and blood ejected from . 7. The sinoatrial node is known as the 8. of the heart. are the blood vessels carrying blood away from the heart, and are the blood vessels carrying blood toward the heart. 9. The narrowest blood vessels are the 10. The . arteries carry blood to the heart muscle. Word Building Directions: Build a term that means: 1. narrowing of a vessel 2. enlarged heart 3. study of the heart 4. surgical repair of a valve 5. small vein 6. pertaining to between ventricles 7. heart muscle disease 8. insufficient tension 9. process of recording a vessel 10. removal of fatty substance © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen, In-Class Activities to Accompany Medical Terminology: A Living Language, 5th Edition 117 Matching 118 1. systolic a. Racing, pounding heartbeat 2. auscultation b. Thin flexible tube inserted into body 3. infarct c. Chest pain 4. murmur d. Bacterial infection of inner layer of heart 5. palpitations e. Congenital narrowing of aorta 6. angina pectoris f. High blood pressure 7. cardiac arrest g. Highest blood pressure reading 8. prolapse h. Portable EKG 9. MI i. Floating blood clot 10. aneurysm j. Stainless steel tube placed within vessel 11. embolus k. Varicose vein in anal region 12. hypotension l. Area of necrosis in an organ 13. catheter m. Left ventricle is too weak to pump efficiently 14. plaque n. Increases force of cardiac muscle contraction 15. stent o. Listening to body sounds 16. regurgitation p. Heart attack 17. endocarditis q. Uses radioactive thallium 18. CoA r. Loose heart valve 19. flutter s. To flow backwards 20. hemorrhoid t. Also called a bruit 21. HTN u. Atria beats too fast but in regular pattern 22. cardiac scan v. Deposit of fatty lipids in an artery 23. CHF w. Localized widening of an arterial wall 24. Holter monitor x. Low blood pressure 25. cardiotonic y. Complete stopping of heart activity © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen, In-Class Activities to Accompany Medical Terminology: A Living Language, 5th Edition Name Date Score Quiz 5A New Word Parts Directions: Define the combining form or suffix in the spaces provided. 1. angi/o 2. ather/o 3. cardi/o 4. atri/o 5. isch/o 6. phleb/o 7. sphygm/o 8. steth/o 9. thromb/o 10. valvul/o 11. vascul/o 12. vas/o 13. ven/o 14. ventricul/o 15. aort/o 16. arteri/o 17. coron/o 18. valv/o 19. -ule 20. -ole 21. -manometer 22. -tension 23. pect/o 24. varic/o 25. myocardi/o © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen, In-Class Activities to Accompany Medical Terminology: A Living Language, 5th Edition 119 Name Date Score Quiz 5B Spelling Quiz Directions: Write each term as your instructor pronounces it. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 120 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen, In-Class Activities to Accompany Medical Terminology: A Living Language, 5th Edition Name Date Score Quiz 5C Labeling Diagram Directions: Label the path of blood flow through the body. 4. 3. 5. 8. 12. 6. 7. 1. 9. 2. 11. 10. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen, In-Class Activities to Accompany Medical Terminology: A Living Language, 5th Edition 121 Name Date Score Quiz 5D Labeling Diagram Directions: Label the internal structures of the heart. 6. 13. 7. 12. 8. 5. 11. 4. 9. 1. 10. 2. 15. 3. 16. 17. 14. 122 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen, In-Class Activities to Accompany Medical Terminology: A Living Language, 5th Edition Name Date Score Quiz 5E Word Building Quiz Directions: Build a single medical term for each phrase below. 1. involuntary muscle contraction of a vessel 2. narrowing of a vessel 3. small artery 4. fatty substance tumor/growth 5. ruptured artery 6. pertaining to ventricles 7. pertaining to atria 8. state of fast heart 9. enlarged heart 10. surgical repair of valve 11. pertaining to an artery 12. pertaining to the aorta 13. pertaining to a blood vessel 14. pertaining to vein 15. pertaining to between ventricles 16. study of the heart 17. heart muscle disease 18. inflammation around heart 19. artery hardening 20. inflammation of many arteries 21. record of a vessel 22. process of recording heart electricity 23. pertaining to within the heart 24. clot destruction 25. pertaining to heart and lungs © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen, In-Class Activities to Accompany Medical Terminology: A Living Language, 5th Edition 123 Name Date Score Quiz 5F Abbreviations Quiz Directions: Write the medical term for which each abbreviation stands. 1. P 2. AF 3. MI 4. BP 5. ASHD 6. CHF 7. CABG 8. CAD 9. CoA 10. CPR 11. CSD 12. HTN 13. mmHg 14. MR 15. PDA 16. PVC 17. tPA 18. SK 19. S1 20. MS 21. IV 22. CCU 23. CV 24. DVT 25. ECC 124 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen, In-Class Activities to Accompany Medical Terminology: A Living Language, 5th Edition Name Date Score Quiz 5G Chapter Review PART I: Multiple Choice Directions: Circle the correct answer. 1. The pacemaker of the heart is the a. sino-atrial node. 7. The medical term for a heart attack is a. angina pectoris. b. bundle of His. b. congestive heart failure. c. atrioventricular node. c. arteriosclerosis. d. mitral valve. d. myocardial infarction. 2. Which circulation loop carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the cells of the body? a. systolic circulation. b. pulmonary circulation. 8. The congenital anomaly characterized by a connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta is called a. tetralogy of Fallot. c. diastolic circulation. b. Raynaud’s phenomenon. c. patent ductus arteriosus. d. systemic circulation. d. congenital septal defect. 3. Which vessel(s) bring blood to the left atrium? a. aorta. 9. The surge of blood in an artery caused by the heart contraction is the a. pulse. b. pulmonary veins. b. blood pressure. c. pulmonary arteries. c. aneurysm. d. vena cavae. d. pacemaker. 4. The large, thick-walled blood vessels are the a. capillaries. 10. What diagnostic procedure is also known as a stress test? b. veins. a. cardiac catheterization. c. arterioles. b. auscultation. d. arteries. c. Holter monitor. d. treadmill. 5. The term ischemia is defined as a. yellowish, fatty plaque. b. tissue death. c. deficiency of blood supply. d. abnormal heart sound. 6. Abnormal quivering of heart muscle fibers is a. palpitations. b. murmur. c. fibrillation. d. angiospasm. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen, In-Class Activities to Accompany Medical Terminology: A Living Language, 5th Edition 125 PART II: Matching Directions: Match the term with its definition. 1. tricuspid a. lipid deposit in an artery 2. auscultation b. identifies deep vein thromboses 3. plaque c. increase indicates heart muscle damage 4. thrombus d. a heart arrhythmia 5. cardiac enzymes e. an atrioventricular heart valve 6. Doppler US f. surgical joining of two arteries 7. defibrillation g. blood clot forming within blood vessel 8. anastomosis h. medication to treat hypertension 9. flutter i. uses a stethoscope 10. beta-blocker j. converts irregular heartbeats back to normal PART III: Abbreviations Directions: Write the full meaning of the following abbreviations. 1. CPR 2. ECHO 3. cath 4. CABG 5. VT 126 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen, In-Class Activities to Accompany Medical Terminology: A Living Language, 5th Edition Chapter 5 Answer Keys Worksheet 5A Answer Key 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. vessel aorta artery fatty substance atrium heart heart body plug to hold back heart muscle chest 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. vein pulse chest clot valve valve dilated vein blood vessel vessel, duct vein ventricle Suffixes 24. instrument to measure pressure 25. small 26. pressure 27. pertaining to tone 28. small Worksheet 5B Answer Key 1. pulmon/o = lung; -ary = pertaining to 2. atri/o = atrium; ventricul/o = ventricle; -ar = pertaining to 3. cardi/o = heart; -logy = study of 4. arteri/o = artery; -sclerosis = hardening 5. ather/o = yellow, fatty substance; -sclerosis = hardening 6. hypo- = insufficient; -tension = pressure 7. thromb/o = clot; phleb/o = vein; -itis = inflammation 8. angi/o = vessel; -graphy = process of recording 9. valvul/o = valve; -itis = inflammation 10. electr/o = electricity; cardi/o = heart; -graphy = process of recording 11. cardi/o = heart; pulmon/o = lung; -ary = pertaining to 12. thromb/o = clot; -lytic = destruction 13. sphygm/o = pulse; -manometer = instrument to measure pressure 14. cardi/o = heart; my/o = muscle; -pathy = disease 15. my/o = heart; cardi/o = heart; -itis = inflammation 16. hyper- = excessive; -tension = pressure 17. intra- = within; coron/o = heart; -ary = pertaining to Worksheet 5C Answer Key 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. arrhythmia cardiorrhexis ischemia fibrillation hypertension 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. bradycardia aneurysm coronary arteriosclerosis pacemaker © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen, In-Class Activities to Accompany Medical Terminology: A Living Language, 5th Edition 127 Worksheet 5D Answer Key 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. angioplasty intravenous atherosclerosis bradycardia cardiac cardiovascular aortic coronary electrocardiography ultrasonography ischemia embolism endarterectomy 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. fibrillation hypertension infarct venous myocardial phlebitis interventricular valvular cardiomegaly polyarteritis thrombosis stethoscope 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. fibrillation hypotension infarct thrombolytic sphygmomanometer Worksheet 5E Answer Key 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 128 cardiologist aneurysm arrhythmia bradycardia endarterectomy R L H D R K M R G C K T N E R V Q H M N G D K R Z M H S T N E F B Z L N M L N Z J Y M I J D T Q M R K G M K F M P R L G C A E N L B A X T Y Z O K M M O I R M O F N Z D J N T L M N M L T T O I C M T D Y E G S R R C O Y E N T N G F F N C Y X N N N I L R A A B L B S F R A F F G P D O E M L T N I Q U C V R W T M R B C O L L O V E H B B Q D R T A M T M I N L N K G M G H L I C C O O G R Q A L L L Q K K N R A C R M Y B T B M J H C J Z M P V K H Y H I L Y R T T C R A F N I L T R P F T V A R R H Y T H M I A N L S L © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen, In-Class Activities to Accompany Medical Terminology: A Living Language, 5th Edition Worksheet 5F Answer Key Solution: Solution: © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen, In-Class Activities to Accompany Medical Terminology: A Living Language, 5th Edition 129 Worksheet 5G Answer Key Anatomy and Physiology 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. pulmonary myocardium atria; ventricles aortic; pulmonary bicuspid 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. pulmonary artery; aorta pacemaker arteries; veins capillaries coronary 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. interventricular cardiomyopathy hypotension angiography atherectomy 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. v j s d e u k f q m h n 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. ventricle aorta artery heart valve small small instrument to measure pressure pressure chest dilated vein heart muscle Word Building 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. angiostenosis cardiomegaly cardiology valvoplasty venule Matching 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. g o l t a c y r p w i x b Quiz 5A Answer Key 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 130 vessel fatty substance heart atrium to hold back vein pulse chest clot valve blood vessel vessel, duct vein © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen, In-Class Activities to Accompany Medical Terminology: A Living Language, 5th Edition Quiz 5B Answer Key 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. oxygenated pericardium interventricular systole sinoatrial atherosclerosis cardiorrhexis phlebotomy auscultation ischemia 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. sphygmomanometer arrhythmia fibrillation infarction coarctation echocardiography hemorrhoid catheterization anastomosis anticoagulant 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. left ventricle aorta systemic arteries systemic capillary beds systemic veins vena cavae 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. left ventricle aortic valve aorta superior vena cava inferior vena cava endocardium myocardium pericardium 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. venous interventricular cardiology cardiomyopathy pericarditis arteriosclerosis polyarteritis angiogram electrocardiography intracoronary thrombolytic cardiopulmonary Quiz 5C Answer Key 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. right atrium right ventricle pulmonary arteries capillary bed lungs pulmonary veins left atrium Quiz 5D Answer Key 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. right atrium tricuspid valve right ventricle pulmonary valve pulmonary trunk pulmonary artery pulmonary vein left atrium mitral or bicuspid valve Quiz 5E Answer Key 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. angiospasm angiostenosis arteriole atheroma arteriorrhexis ventricular atrial tachycardia cardiomegaly valvoplasty arterial aortic vascular © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen, In-Class Activities to Accompany Medical Terminology: A Living Language, 5th Edition 131 Quiz 5F Answer Key 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. pulse atrial fibrillation myocardial infarction, mitral insufficiency blood pressure arteriosclerotic heart disease congestive heart failure coronary artery bypass graft coronary artery disease coarctation of the aorta cardiopulmonary resuscitation congenital septal defect hypertension millimeters of mercury 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. mitral regurgitation patent ductus arteriosus premature ventricular contraction tissue-type plasminogen activator streptokinase first heart sound mitral stenosis intravenous coronary care unit cardiovascular deep vein thrombosis extracorporeal circulation 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. c d c a d 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. b j f d h Quiz 5G Answer Key Multiple Choice 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. a d b d c Matching 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. e i a g c Abbreviations 1. cardiopulmonary resuscitation 2. echocardiogram 3. catheterization 132 4. coronary artery bypass graft 5. ventricular tachycardia © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen, In-Class Activities to Accompany Medical Terminology: A Living Language, 5th Edition