Download Review Packet 2

Review Packet 2
Topic 3, 7 and 8 Sample Multiple Choice Questions
1.
An enzyme consists of a sequence of
a. Nucleotides linked by hydrogen bonds
b. Alkanoic acids (fatty acids) and alcohol molecules
c. Proteins linked by hydroxylic bonds
d. Amino acids linked by peptide bonds
2.
In which part of a chloroplast does the initial step in the process of photosynthesis
occur?
a. Granum
b. Stroma
c. Photosomes
d. Vesicles
3.
In photosynthesis, the substance that is regenerated in the Calvin cycle is
a. Glucose
b. NADPH+
c. Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)
d. Carbon dioxide
4.
The ratio of the numbers of the bases G + C
A+T
a. is always 1.0
b. has half the value for sperm cells of an organism, compared to its somatic cells
c. is always 2.0
d. is constant for a particular species
5.
The process of translation requires
a. DNA, mRNA, rRNA, ribosomes, ATP and enzymes
b. rRNA, mRNA, ATP, enzymes and ribosomes
c. enzymes, mRNA, NADP+, tRNA and ribosomes
d. mRNA, ATP, enzymes, tRNA and ribosomes
6.
Water
a. Will dissolve any substance because it is a polar molecule
b. Has a density of 1 g per dm3
c. Has a high heat capacity and is therefore a good insulator
d. Has a high surface tension because it forms hydrogen bonds with itself
7.
Starch consists of a chain of
a. α and β glucose molecules
b. β glucose molecules
c. α glucose molecules
d. glucose and fructose molecules
8.
Oleic acid and stearic acid are two alkanoic (fatty) acids, each with 18 carbon atoms.
Oleic is unsaturated, whilst stearic is saturated. A molecule of stearic differs from
oleic in that it
a. Has more hydrogen atoms
b. Can combine with glycerol
c. Has less hydrogen atoms
d. Has a branched hydrocarbon chain
1
9.
CH3CH2COOH is an example of
a. A tricarboxylic acid
b. An alkanoic (fatty) acid
c. A monosaccharide
d. An amino acid
The graph below shows the progress of a single biochemical reaction. It refers to the next two
questions.
10.
The activation energy of this reaction is represented by
a. I
b. II
c. IV
d. III-I (III substract I)
11.
From the graph it is possible to deduce that
a. A catalyst is needed for the reaction to occur
b. The energy produced by this reaction is shown by IV
c. The reaction is exergonic (exothermic)
d. The reaction is endergonic (endothermic)
12.
Vitamins are needed in the diet to form part of the following molecules
a. NADP+ and ADP
b. DNA and RNA
c. Cyclic 3’,5’-AMP and ADP
d. Coenzyme A and NAD+
The diagram below refers to the next two questions
II
2
13.
The features labeled could be
I
II
a.
granum
ribosome
b.
thylakoid
DNA
c.
granum
oil droplet
d.
lamella
lysosomes
III
thylakoid
grana
crista
thylakoid
14.
In the structure labeled III, can be found
a. Chlorophyll, DNA and ATP
b. Chlorophyll, NADPH + H+ (NADPH2) and RuBP (RuDP)
c. Chlorophyll, cytochromes and ATPase
d. ATP, carbon dioxide, and starch
15.
Which of the following are products of the Kreb’s cycle?
a. NADH + H+ (NADH2), NADP, ATP, FADH + H+ (FADH2)
b. ATP, NADH + H+ (NADH2), FAD,CO2
c. NAD+, CO2, ATP, FAD and water
d. NADH + H+, (NADH2), CO2, ATP,FADH + H+ (FADH2)
16.
Which of the following statement is true of all enzymes?
a. They work faster at neutral pH than at acid pH
b. They are denatured by temperatures above 37o C
c. They act as catalysts
d. They work faster when the concentration of the substrates (reactants) is reduced
17.
In living cells, the number of ATP molecules produced by the oxidation of one
glucose molecule in the presence of free oxygen is
a. More in glycolysis than in the respiratory chain
b. More in the respiratory chain than in glycolysis
c. Less if exposed to green light
d. Less in the mitochondria than in the cell cytoplasm
18.
A sample (X) of green algae was exposed to light continuously for 10 minutes. A
similar sample (Y) was exposed to light of the same intensity for 10 seconds,
followed by 10 seconds of darkness. This continued for a total of 20 minutes. Both
samples photosynthesized, but more photosynthesis occurred in Y than X.
From this observation it can be concluded that
a. photosynthesis requires darkness as well as light
b. photosynthesis can occur within 10 seconds
c. more photosynthesis occurs in the dark than in the light
d. part of the photosynthetic process can take place in darkness
19.
A nucleotide of DNA consists of
a. A complementary pair of bases
b. Four nitrogenous bases and a pentose sugar
c. One nitrogenous base, a hexose sugar and a phosphate group
d. One nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate group
20.
The carbon dioxide content of green plant cells in natural environments
a. Remains constant during the entire 24 hour cycle
b. Increases during the hours of darkness
c. Increases during the hours of daylight
d. Decreases during the hours of darkness
3
The diagram below shows part of the RNA genetic code. It refers to the next question.
21.
Which of the following can be concluded from the above information?
a. Proteins have more serine than any other amino acid
b. There are two stop signals in case one is affected by a mutation
c. The third base is the least significant in determining the end result
d. Uracil is the most important base
22.
The translation phase of protein synthesis takes place
a. On the ribosomes
b. In the cell membrane
c. In the nucleus
d. On the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
23.
Carbohydrates always contain
a. twice as many hydrogen as oxygen atoms
b. equal numbers of carbon and oxygen atoms
c. equal numbers of carbon and hydrogen atoms
d. twice as many hydrogen as carbon atoms
24.
All of the following are amino acids except
4
25.
Ester linkages (joining acid and alcohol groups) are found in lipids (fats) and
a. Sugar
b. Cellulose
c. Proteins
d. Nucleic acids
26.
NADH, NADPH, FADH2, and AMP are all structurally similar because they contain at
least
a. One adenine and two riboses
b. One adenine, one ribose and one phosphate
c. Two adenines and two riboses
d. Two adenines, two riboses and two phosphates
27.
Which of the following graphs shows how the level of substrate changes during the
course of an enzyme-controlled reaction?
28.
The percentage of thymine in the DNA in Homo sapiens is 31.5%. The percentage of
guanine is therefore
a. 68.5%
b. 50.0%
c. 31.5%
d. 18.5%
29.
Chlorophyll a absorbs
a. More red and UV light than green
b. More green light than red and UV
c. More red light than green and UV
d. More green and blue light than red
30.
In photosynthesis, NADPH + H+ (NADPH2) reduces an intermediate compound which
becomes
a. Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) (RuDP)
b. Triose Phosphate (TP) (Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, PGAL)
c. CO2
d. H2O
5
31.
Which of the following shows the correct location of each process?
Kreb’s Cycle
Matrix
Electron Transport
Cytoplasm
Matrix
b.
Glycolysis
Mitochondrial inner
membrane
Cytoplasm
c.
Matrix
Mitochondrial inner
membrane
Matrix
d.
Cytoplasm
Matrix
a.
Mitochondrial inner
membrane
Mitochondrial inner
membrane
32.
Which of the following can be directly converted to Ethanoyl (Acetyl) Coenzyme A?
a. 2-hydroxypropanoate (lactate)
b. propane-1,2,3,-triol (glycerol)
c. fatty acids
d. 2-oxopropanoate (pyruvate)
33.
In mitochondria, electrons flowing through the transport chain from NADH + H +
(NADH2) to oxygen, cause protons (H+) to be pumped from the matrix to the
intermembrane space at
a. Four sites
b. Three sites
c. Two sites
d. One site
The diagram below shows a stage in protein synthesis. If refers to the next question
34.
This diagram is incorrect because it shows
a. Invalid pairing of bases (anticodon to codon)
b. 3’ and 5’ ends of the mRNA reversed
c. that two different codons can be translated into the same amino acid
d. mRNA containing U, instead of T
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35.
Which of the following curves best presents the relationship between temperature
and the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction?
36.
Translation is the process by which cells synthesise
a. messenger RNA
b. DNA
c. another ribosome
d. a polypeptide
The following diagram represents a phospholipids molecule that is found in the lipid bilayer of a
cell membrane. It refers to the next two questions.
37.
Structure I is likely to be
a. hydrophilic
b. an amino acid
c. an unsaturated fatty acid
d. a saturated fatty acid
38.
Structure II is
a. likely to be hydrophilic
b. more charged than structure I
c. also a common component of RNA
d. a hydrocarbon component
39.
One strand of a DNA molecule is attached to the other by
a. Covalent bonds between the bases and sugars
b. Covalent bonds between sugars and phosphates
c. Hydrogen bonds between the bases of the two strands
d. Hydrogen bonds between the sugars of the two strands
7
40.
A molecule of transfer RNA with the anti-codon –AAA- always carries the amino acid
called phenylalanine. The triplet of nucleotides on the DNA strand which codes for
the messenger RNA codon that binds to this transfer RNA would be
a. TTT
b. UUU
c. AAA
d. GGG
A biologist carried out an experiment on photosynthesis using one variety of plant, and obtained
the following results. It refers to the next question.
41.
Which conclusion can be drawn?
a. At 35O C photosynthesis would be slower than at 25OC
b. Photosynthesis is always more rapid at high temperatures
c. At low light intensities temperature does not affect the rate of photosynthesis
d. Very high light intensities reduce the rate of photosynthesis
42.
Fixation of carbon dioxide in chloroplasts is carried out using
a. ATP and oxygen
b. oxygen and glucose
c. glucose and hydrogen
d. ATP and hydrogen
43.
Water
a. has a high heat of evaporation
b. has a low latent specific heat
c. is a non-polar molecule
d. contains hydrogen bonds within one molecule
44.
During the process of glycolysis there is
a. The reduction of a coenzyme
b. A net loss of ATP
c. The production of CO2
d. The hydrolysis of a three carbon molecule
45.
Inorganic carbon compounds enter cells and then biochemical pathways respectively,
by
a. Absorption and photosynthesis
b. Digestion and photosynthesis
c. Photosynthesis and cell respiration
d. Digestion and absorption
8
46.
The graph below shows the change in boiling point of a series of different organic
compounds of different molecular mass compared with water.
Why is the boiling point of water different from that of the organic molecules?
a. water is not an organic molecule
b. water is a transparent liquid
c. the organic compounds are soluble in water
d. water molecules are polar
47.
Which molecule represents ribose?
48.
What property of enzymes is shown when their substrate concentration changes?
a. The activity of an enzyme increases constantly with an increase in substrate
concentration
b. Enzyme activity decreases with increased substrate concentration
c. Enzyme activity increases to an optimum substrate concentration and then
decreases
d. Enzyme activity increases with increased substrate concentration until all the
active sites are occupied
9
49.
The data below shows the proportions of the four bases in the DNA of four different
organisms.
Species
Allum cepa
Daucus carota
Albica punctata
Clostridium
perfringens
Adenine / %
31.8
26.7
28.4
36.9
Guanine / %
18.4
23.2
19.5
14.0
Cytosine / %
18.2
23.3
19.3
12.8
Thymine / %
31.3
26.8
32.8
36.3
What fact is supported by this evidence?
a. the bases in an organism are in equal proportions
b. the sequence of bases in a molecule of DNA are constant
c. the ratio of adenine to guanine is the same as the ratio of adenine to thymine
d. the ratio of adenine to thymine is the same as the ratio of guanine to cytosine
50.
What feature of water determines its solvent properties?
a. peptide bonds
b. hydrophobic interactions
c. ionic bonds
d. polarity
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Sample Essay and Data Base Questions
1.
Question 1 (M97/410/H(3))
(a) Describe in detail the general structure of protein molecules.
(8marks)
(b) Outline six functions of proteins in biological systems and give a named example
of each.
(6 marks)
(c) Explain with examples, how the shape of protein molecules helps them to carry
out their function.
(6 marks)
2.
Question 3 (M97/410/H(3))
(a) Discuss the differences between the processes of transcription and translation
in eukaryotic cells.
(6 marks)
(b) Describe the possible effects on a living organism of a deletion or substitution of
one base pair, in the DNA of one of the organism’s genes.
(8 marks)
(c) Suggest an explanation for human populations in some parts of the world
containing both the allele for sickle cell haemoglobin (HbS) and for the ‘normal’
haemoglobin (HbA or HbN).
(6 marks)
3.
Question 2 (N97/410/S(3))
Carbohydrates are important in the metabolism of both plants and animals.
(a) Name three polymers of glucose and explain where each is found in living
organism.
(8 marks)
(b) Describe where in living organisms these polymers are digested (broken down).
(6 marks)
(c) Explain how these polymers are digested (broken down) in living organisms
(6 marks)
Question 1 (N97/410/H(3))
(a) Describe briefly, the properties of water.
(4 marks)
(b) Explain the importance of water to
i. plants
(10 marks)
4.
5.
Question 2 (N97/410/H(3))
(a) Lipids are usually categorized as fats (triglycerides), phospholipids, or steroids.
(i)
Outline the properties of fats (triglycerides).
(3 marks)
(ii)
Name three specific examples of steroids
(3 marks)
(b) (i)
Draw a simple labeled diagram of a phospholipid
(3 marks)
(ii)
Draw a labeled structural (displayed) formula diagram of a phospholipid
(5 marks)
(iii)
Referring to your illustrations, explain how phospholipids interact with
water.
(2 marks)
(c) Explain how lipids are broken down in cell respiration
(4 marks)
6.
Question 3 (N97/410/H(3))
(a) (i)
Describe the path (route) taken by carbon dioxide molecules from the
atmosphere to the site of their fixation.
(6 marks)
(ii) Describe briefly, the initial biochemical reactions in which a carbon dioxide
molecule is fixed in C3 plants
(4 marks)
(b) (i)
Outline the way in which C4 plants incorporate carbon dioxide
(6 marks)
(ii)
Explain four advantages that C4 plants may gain from their method of
photosynthesis.
(4 marks)
7.
Question 4 (Spec/410/S(2))
(a) Draw a simple diagram of part of a DNA molecule consisting of four different
linked nucleotides.
(4 marks)
(b) Outline the relationship between DNA, chromosomes and genes. (5 marks)
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(c) Explain how meiosis can give rise to genetic variety (including variation in
chromosome number) in the resulting haploid cells.
(9 marks)
8.
Question C1 (Spec/410/S(3))
The rate of photosynthesis in plants can be influenced by many factors. Experiments
were carried out to investigate the effect of high and low light intensities on
photosynthesis at different temperatures. All other factors were kept constant. A
summary of the results is presented in the graph below.
(a) State the name of one limiting factor of photosynthesis, apart from temperature
and light intensity.
(1 mark)
(b) (i)
Deduce the factor limiting the rate of photosynthesis in experiment I,
between 0 and 30 O C. Give a reason for your answer. (2 marks)
(ii)
Deduce the factor limiting the rate of photosynthesis in experiment I,
between 35 and 40O C. Give a reason for your answer. (2 marks)
(c) Suggest one explanation for the differences between the results of experiments I
and II.
(2 marks)
9.
10.
Question C3 (Spec/410/S(3))
Outline the stages in the process of fermentation of glucose to ethanol.
(4 marks)
Question 1 (BC June 2002)
Use the following diagram to answer question 1
(a) Identify each of the following parts of the molecule.
Part X:
(2 marks)
Part Y:
(b) State two different polymers that are synthesized from the molecule and give a
function of each.
(4 marks)
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11.
Question 2 (BC June 2002)
Describe how the following are related in terms of their function in protein synthesis.
(a) DNA and mRNA
(2 marks)
(b) tRNA and ribosomes
12.
(2 marks)
Question 2 (BC August 2002)
Use the following diagram to answer question 2
2. (a)
(b)
13.
14.
Describe the replication of this molecule
(3 marks)
What is the role of this molecule in determining the structure of a protein?
(1 mark)
(c)
Reading top to bottom, determine the mRNA sequence that would be
transcribe from the left-had strand of this molecule.
(1 mark)
(d)
Give the anticodons that are complementary to this mRNA sequence.
(1 mark)
Question 1 (N96/410/S(3))
The leaf is an essential organ and the chloroplast is an essential organelle for
photosynthesis. The structure of each is directly related to its function.
(a)
Draw a diagram of a typical dicotyledonous leaf, in cross-section. Label those
features which show adaptations of the leaf for photosynthesis. For each feature
you label, add a comment explaining how that feature aids photosynthesis.
(8 marks)
(b)
Draw a diagram to show the internal structure of a chloroplast. Label the
features that would be visible with an electron microscope.
(5 marks)
(c)
Describe the main features of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
(4 marks)
(d)
The rate of photosynthesis can be measured by several methods. List three
methods that could be used to measure the rate during laboratory experiments
designed to show that light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis.
(3 marks)
Question 7 (N96/410/H(3))
The number of different proteins which can be made is almost infinite.
(a)
Explain how so much diversity can exist among proteins
(8 marks)
(b)
Describe six different functions performed by proteins. Each description must
include an example of a named protein or type of protein.
(6 marks)
(c)
With the aid of labeled diagrams, relate the structure to function of haemoglobin
or antibodies.
(6 marks)
13
15. Question 10 (N96/410/H(3))
Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase has been described as the most abundant
enzyme on Earth. It catalyses a reaction involving Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP or
RuDP).
(a) Describe eight important characteristics of enzymes.
(8 marks)
(b) Explain, in detail, the exact role of RuBP in green plants.
(3 marks)
(c) Name the exit product of the Calvin cycle and describe how it results from three
“turns” of the Calvin cycle.
(3 marks)
14
15
16
17
18
19.
g.
h.
i.
Outline the effect of depth on DNA damage on a calm day. [2]
i. Compare the amount of DNA damage on windy days with DNA damage on calm
days. [1]
ii. Suggest a reason for the effect of wind on DNA damage. [1]
i. Identify the type of mutation that results from the incorporation of random bases.[1]
ii. Predict the effects of this type of mutation on protein synthesis. [3]
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