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THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD When to use subjunctive… contrary to reality uncertainty, desire, opinion emotional reaction Most subjunctive sentences have a main clause and a subordinate clause. Example clauses that require subjunctive mood dudar que = to doubt that (uncertain) es bueno que = it is good that (opinion) es difícil que = it is difficult that (uncertain) es importante que = it is important that (opinion) estar contento que = to be happy that (emotional reaction) querer que = to want that (desire) no creer que = to not believe that (uncertain) ojalá que = let us hope that (desire) [ojalá comes from an Arabic phrase meaning “God willing”] Clauses that do not require subjunctive mood creer que = to believe that (certain) no dudar que = to not doubt that (certain) es obvio que = it is obvious that (certain) es evidente que = it is evident that (certain) Does not necessarily translate word-for-word… Consider the following example: I want you to go to the store. -- Quiero que vayas a la tienda. The Spanish sentence literally means “I want that you go to the store.” It is incorrect to say quiero tú ir a la tienda. This is a common mistake of English speakers learning Spanish. To avoid this mistake, remember that subordinate clauses in Spanish do not use infinitive verbs unless the same person is the subject of both verbs, like this: I want to go to the store. -- Quiero ir a la tienda. Conjugating the Subjunctive… Take the present tense indicative yo form of a verb, dropping the -o, and adding the “opposite ending.” Step1: getting the stem To form the present tense of the verb hablar… Start with the present tense indicative yo form: hablo. Then we remove the -o ending. We are left with the stem habl-. Step 2: adding the opposite endings “Opposite” endings means that -AR verbs will take the endings: -e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en and -ER or -IR verbs will take the endings: -a, -as, -a, -amos, áis, -an HABLAR hable hablemos hables habléis hable hablen COMER coma comamos comas comáis coma coman Verbs with irregular yo forms Some verbs have irregular “yo” forms, such as tener (tengo), conocer (conozco), and hacer (hago) TENER tenga tengas tenga TENGO tengamos tengáis tengan CONOCER CONOZCO conozca conozcamos conozcas conozcáis conozca conozcan Examples: Yo quiero que tú tengas un buen tiempo en la fiesta. -- I want you to have a good time at the party. (Literally, "I want that you have a good time at the party.") Nuestra maestra quiere que conozcamos al nuevo estudiante. -- Our teacher wants us to know the new student. (Literally, "Our teacher wants that we know the new student.")