Download APES Chapter 4 Study Guide - Bennatti

APES Chapter 4 Study Guide
Vocabulary
Evolution
Natural Selection
Mutation
Community
Kingdom
Succession
Primary succession
Secondary succession
Climax community
Pioneer Community
Symbiosis
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
Intraspecific competition
Interspecific competition
Symbionts
Coevolution
Predation
Pathogen
Parasitism
Competition
Habitat
Niche
Fundamental niche
Realized niche
Limiting resource
Resource partitioning
Keystone species
Species richness
Ecotone
Ecosystem services
1.
What factors led to the extirpation (local extinction) of gray wolves in the lower 48 states?
2.
What state in the lower 48 did not lose all their gray wolves by the 1960s? ? (Actually there
were two states as a population of wolves survived on Isle Royale in Michigan. Name the
other state.)
3.
Describe how the reintroduction of gray wolves to Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming
affected Yellowstone ecosystems.
4.
What steps were taken to reduce the opposition for the reintroduction of wolves by ranchers?
5.
Evolution by natural selection is based on four observations about organisms. Identify these.
6.
Name the six kingdoms and give an example of an organism in each kingdom.
7.
Give an example of primary succession.
8.
Give an example of secondary succession.
9.
Is an old field in Maine a climax community? Defend your answer.
10.
Give an example of the organisms you would find in a pioneer community.
11.
Which occurs faster, primary succession or secondary succession? Why?
12.
Give an example of mutualism.
13.
Give an example of commensalism.
14.
Give an example of parasitism.
15.
Describe one example of a plant defense against herbivores.
16.
Give an example of interspecific competition.
17.
Is interspecific competition a biotic factor or abiotic factor?
18.
Discuss some of the factors that should be included when describing an organism’s niche.
19.
Which is generally broader, an organism’s fundamental niche or its realized niche?
20.
If two species compete for similar resources and one of the species is removed, which is likely
to change for the remaining species, its fundamental niche or its realized niche?
21.
Explain how global warming could affect an organism’s limiting resource.
22.
Explain what is meant by the principle of competitive exclusion.
23.
Give an example of resource partitioning.
24.
Explain why wolves are considered to be keystone species.
25.
Describe several factors that are associated with high species richness (biodiversity).
26.
Describe several examples of ecosystem services.
27.
Explain why species richness (biodiversity) has changed dramatically in Lake Victoria in
recent years.
28.
Describe one possible explanation for the decrease in sea otter populations along the coast of
Alaska.
29.
Why are sea otters classified as keystone species?