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Biology 20
Unit 4A Review Sheet
Enzymes, Carbs, Proteins, Lipids
1. What is a substrate?
2. What factors can affect the rate of enzyme function?
3. What is denaturation and how is it caused?
4. Give examples of mono, di, and polysaccharides.
5. What makes up a triglyceride?
6. What are the different levels of protein structure?
7. What is dehydration synthesis?
8. What are the laboratory tests for reducing sugars? Proteins? Fats?
Starch?
Digestion
1. Define the following – peristalsis, protein, starch, monosaccharide,
enzyme, fat (lipid).
2. What is bile? What manufactures bile, what distributes bile, where
is it distributed too.
3. What is the pH of the stomach? Of the small intestine?
4. What is the function of the liver?
5. What is the main function of the mouth? Stomach? Small
intestine? Large intestine?
6. How do plants store excess carbohydrates? Animals?
7. What is the problem with a person who says, “Don’t worry, I’m
alright, I guess that that piece of food just went down the wrong
pipe?”
8. What is the digestive function of the pancreas?
9. Where are the various enzymes and secretions that aid in
digestion produced and what are their functions?
10. Name two factors that could cause an ulcer in your stomach.
Why would they cause the ulcer?
11. What would the pH of a lemon be? Rolaids, TUMS, Maalox?
12. What is the main reason that the stomach is not in danger of
being totally digested?
13. What is cirrhosis of the liver?
14. What happens when an enzyme (protein) enters into an
environment that is too hot, too cold, or has too low or high a pH.
15. What adaptations does the small intestine have that allow it to
more efficiently absorb nutrients?
16. What are the benefits of a high fibre diet?
Respiration
1. Know the structures and their placement in the respiratory system.
Use the diagrams in the learning guide to help you with this.
2. What sections of the respiratory system are used for warming and
filtering the air before it gets to the alveoli?
3. What is the region responsible for gas exchange in the respiratory
system? What makes it able to facilitate gas exchange so easily?
4. Compare the action of the diaphragm and rib cage during
inhalation and exhalation.
5. Which gas has the greatest effect on triggering breathing?
6. What is the reason that the air goes into your lungs when you
inhale?
7. Although not all animals have lungs, what is a common
characteristic amongst all breathing systems?
8. How does smoking affect the function of the respiratory tract?
9. What are two long term and two short term effects of smoking?
10. How does altitude effect breathing rate? If someone from the
coast were to move to the mountains, would their breathing rate
remain the same or change? How?
Muscles
1. What are three types of muscle in the body and give an example
of each.
2. What are names of the two main components that interact to
cause a contraction in a muscle?
3. Using the biceps and triceps muscles, explain the terms flexor and
extensor.