Download Chapter 11 “Islamic Civilization”

Chapter 11 “Islamic Civilization”
A.D. 600-1300
Ever since September 11, 2001, you have heard many terms related to the Islamic religion. Identify the following:
Muslim
Hajj
Ramadan
Allah
Jihad
Taliban
Quran (Koran)
Shari’ah
Section 1: A New Faith
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Arab Life
A. The Setting
1. Arabian Peninsula
2. 1 million square miles between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf
B. Lives of the Bedouin
1. Nomads who herded sheep, camels, and goats
2. Lived in tribes
3. Sheikh
a. Chief of each tribe
C. Growth of Towns
1. By the 500’s A.D., many tribes had settled in valleys to pursue farming or trading
D. Signs of Change
1. Through contact with foreign people, religious ideas changed. Tribes became less strong
Muhammad and His Message
A. Life of Muhammad
1. Born around 570
2. Married a wealthy widow at the age of 25
3. Became dissatisfied with the wealthy citizens, worship of idols, and mistreatment of the poor
4. Spent time alone praying and fasting in a cave outside the city
B. Revelation—610 A.D.
1. A vision
2. A voice calling him to be the apostle of the one true god, Allah
3. Second Revelation
a. “Rise and warn” the people about divine judgment
4. Muslims—followers of Islam
C. Opposition to Islam
1. Wealthy opposed Muhammad’s teachings
2. He sent 60 families to a town north of Makkah in 622 A.D.
3. Marks the beginning of the Islamic era and is recognized as the first year of the Muslim calendar
The Islamic Community
A. Origin of the Islamic State
1. Muhammad taught to place loyalty to the Islamic community above all tribal ties
2. He was judge and commander in chief
B. Acceptance of Islam
1. Eventually the Makkans invaded Yathrib, forcing the Muslims to retaliate
2. Muslims were victorious, and reentered Makkah in 630 A.D.
3. Islam replaced old religions, and Makkah became capital
4. Muhammad died in 632 A.D.
a. Formed a religious community based on carefully preserved sacred writings
b. Example of his life as a guide for Muslims to follow
Beliefs and Practices of Islam
A. The Quran (recital)
1. Holy scriptures of Islam
2. Muhammad’s successor ordered Muslims to retrieve and write down all messages of Islam
3. Believed to contain God’s message as revealed to Muhammad
4. Some are variations of Biblical stories
B. Values
1. Honor their parents, show kindness to their neighbors, protect orphans and widows, and give
generously to the poor
2. No murder, stealing, lying, adultery
3. Forbids gambling, eating pork, or drinking alcoholic beverages
C. Law
1. Shari’ah—body of law
2. Contains both public and private law
V.
Five Pillars of Islam
A. Faith
1. “There is no god but God (Allah), Muhammad is the messenger of God”
2. Allah is same God as Jews and Christians
3. Muslims respect the Bible, Judaism, and Christianity
B. Prayer
1. Five times a day (sunrise, noon, afternoon, sunset, and evening)
2. Facing Makkah (kneeling, bowing, and touching one’s forehead to the ground)
3. At noon on Fridays, many Muslims pray together in a mosque
C. Alms
1. Charity
2. Privately through contributions and publicly through a state tax that supports schools and aids the
poor
D. Fasting
1. Ramadan
a. Ninth month in the Islamic calendar
b. From sunrise to sunset, Muslims neither eat nor drink, although they work as usual
c. Children, pregnant women, travelers, and the sick are exempt
E. Pilgrimage
1. Hajj
a. Annual pilgrimage to Makkah
b. Every able-bodied Muslim who can afford the trip is expected to make the pilgrimage at least
once in his or her lifetime
c. Two months and ten days after Ramadan
Questions on Ramadan article:
1.
How many Muslims live in South Dakota?
2.
When does Ramadan begin?
3.
Besides fasting, what else do Muslims give up during Ramadan?
4.
What do Muslims break their fast with in the evening?
5.
Who is expected to participate in Ramadan?
6.
Who is exempt from it?
7.
What do Muslims believe that Christians also believe?
8.
How many Muslims live in the United States?
9.
How many Muslims are there worldwide?
Section 3: Daily Life and
Culture
I. Family Life
A.Role of Women
1. According to the Quran,
“men are responsible for
women”
2. A woman’s role is
defined by her relationship
to male members of her
family
3. Limited Polygamy
a. Practice that allows a
man to have more than
one wife
b. Men can have four; must
be treated as equals and
with kindness
4. Women could own
property
5. Women gained
education and ruled in the
government
Questions for reading, “Iranian
Women and Sports”
1. How many Iranian women
participate in some form of
sport?
2. What do women have to
wear in order to water ski?
3. Why do some clerics and
others rule that sports for
women are barred by the
Koran?
4. What do Iranian women
have to wear when running
the annual “Olympic Run”?
5. Look at the cartoon on
page 26. Do you think Iran
granting women the right to
participate in sports would
start a revolution? Explain
your answer.
B. Role of Men
1. At age seven, boys
entered mosque schools
2. Taught to speak Arabic
and write with grace and
ease
3. The wealthy received
more education
II. City and Country
A.The cities of the Islamic
state are tightly packed
B. Urban Centers
1. “Magic carpets”
C. Trade and the Bazaar
1. Marketplaces
2. Major cities developed
as trade centers
a. Baghdad, Iraq,
Damascus, Syria; and
Cairo, Egypt
III. Islamic Achievements
A.Astronomy and Geography
1. Astrolabe
a. A Greek device which
helped determine the
position of the stars
2. Muslim geographers
measured the size and
circumference of the earth
with accuracy unmatched
until the 1900’s
3. Understood the shapes
of continents, climates, and
foreign peoples
B. Chemistry and Medicine
1. Islamic doctors founded
the science of optics
a. Study of light and its
effect on sight
b. See page 286
C. Art and Architecture
1. Calligraphy
2. Arabesque
a. Beautiful script
combined with geometric
shapes
D.Literature
1. A Thousand and One
Nights (The Arabian
Nights)
a. Contains the stories of
“Aladdin and His Lamp”
and “Ali Baba and the
Forty Thieves”