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CHINA TEST STUDY GUIDE Test is Wed, Feb 1st 1) Read Chapt. 7 2) China Geog Notes 3) Pg 169 #’s 1-3 4) Chapt 7-1 & 7-2 Worksheets 5) Chapt 7-3 & 7-4 Worksheets 6) Pg 179 #’s 1-2 7) Pg 186 #’s 1-3 8) China Discoveries & Inventions Notes 9) Pg 191 #’s 1-12 10) Pg 193 #’s 1-5 11) China Relig Notes 12) China Relig Quotes #2) China Geog Notes Taklimakan Desert East China Sea South China Sea Mount Everest Tian Mountains Turfan Depression Mekong River North China Plain Yellow River Plateau of Tibet Himalayan Mountains Yellow Sea Yangzi River Gobi Desert Yunan Plateau Sichuan Basin #3) Page 169 #’s 1-3 KEY 1a. Define What was the Period of Disunion? It was a period when China was split into several competing kingdoms ruled by military rulers. I found this on page ____. 1b. Explain How did the Chinese culture change during the Period of Disunion? Northern and Southern Chinese cultures mixed to develop new art, music, food, and clothing styles. I found this on page ____. 2a. Identify Who was Empress Wu? What did she do? She was the only woman to ever rule China. She brought stability and prosperity to China. I found this on page ____. 2b. Evaluate How do you think the reunification of China affected the common people? The common people felt more at peace throughout the land without having to fear so many wars. I found this on page ____. 3a. Identify When was the Age of Buddhism in China? It was about 400 to 845. I found this on page ____. 3b. Explain Why did the people turn to Buddhism during the Period of Disunion? People took comfort in Buddhist teachings that you can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace. I found this on page ____. 3c. Elaborate How did Buddhism influence Chinese culture? It influenced many aspects including art, literature, and architecture. I found this on page ____. #4) Chapt 7-1 & 7-2 Worksheets Write a ONE sentence definition of each term. Write a ONE sentence definition of each term. Yang Chien Yang Chien Write a ONE sentence definition of each term. #7: Find on Pg 173, last sentence #8: Look for “merchant” on pg 173, right column, 1st paragraph, & define it. #5) Chapt 7-3 & 7-4 Worksheets New-Confucianism change it into a true complete sentence. KEY for #4 & #5 #6) Page 179 #’s 1-2 KEY 1a. ren = concern for others; li = appropriate behavior 1b. the Song Dynasty’s new version that blended proper behavior and spiritual matters 1c. It included the best of Buddhism & Confucianism (spiritual matters and ethics). 2a. an educated member of the government who passed a test about the knowledge of Confucianism and related ideas 2b. considerable respect as elite members of society, widely admired for their knowledge and ethics, reduced penalties for breaking the law, many became wealthy 2c. Yes – screened out people who were not smart, capable, or serious No – knowing philosophical or religious ideas has nothing to do with the jobs they performed #7) Page 186 #’s 1-3 KEY 1a. the leader of the Mongols who conquered a large part of Asia 1b. by brutally attacking and terrorizing Chinese towns 1c. The statement is valid because attacking Japan contributed to the Yuan dynasty’s failure 2a. the greatest sailor of the Ming dynasty; led voyages of exploration throughout Asia and as far the East coast of Africa 2b. They were impressed with the power of the emperor 2c. protected China; but it was costly to build. 3a. avoiding contact with other countries 3b. many massive building projects; more power for emperors; instituted isolationism 3c. advantages: protection/safety; disadvantages: lack of trade; less development #8) Chinese Discoveries and Inventions Notes 1. Compass 1. Early Chinese compasses were made of a magnetic mineral called lodestone which always points north. 2. Later compasses were made of steel needles rubbed with lodestone because they were more accurate. 3. The compass is still used to help travelers navigate over sea or land today. 2. Canal Lock 1. Man-made canals that sloped made boat travel difficult. 2. Canal locks solved this problem by “trapping” water between two gates/locks, lowering or raising the water level, which then raised or lowered the boat 3. Locks are still used today, even with huge ships. 3. Moveable Type 1. It uses a separate block for each letter or character. 2. This allowed printers to reuse letters several times which lowered the cost & increased the speed. 3. Lowering the cost of printing made more reading materials available which increased learning 1st in China & eventually around the world. 4. Porcelain 1. It is a type of beautiful pottery that was mass produced throughout China. 2. Fine porcelain was produced in China 800 years before it was in Europe. 3. Chinese porcelain is still so popular that the finest dishes today are still called “china”. 5. Gunpowder 1. Chinese alchemists accidentally invented gunpowder. 2. The Chinese used it in various military weapons like bombs. 3. Gunpowder changed the way wars were fought throughout the world. 6. Rocket 1. Rockets were 1st used only in fireworks. 2. Rockets were later used to drop arrows on enemies. 3. The rockets we use in space today are still built based on ancient Chinese principles. 7. Paper Money 1. Paper money was added to coins as another form of currency. 2. It was produced with multiple wood blocks and colors. 3. Paper money is the most common form of currency used in the world today. 8. Mechanical Clock 1. It was more accurate than previous timekeeping devices. 2. Sounds from drums & chimes let people know what time it was. 3. Clocks today are still built based on the principles of these ancient clocks. 9. Small Pox Prevention 1. Chinese discovered that smoke & steam could stop the spread of diseases. 2. They also discovered that exposing people to small pox in powder form could prevent it. 3. We still use the same theory of limited exposure to prevent the occurrence or slow the spread of many diseases. #9) Pg 191 #’s 1-12 KEY 1. Ruthless but effective Tang Dynasty ruler d. Empress Wu 2. A set of letters or characters that can be moved to create different lines of text b. movable type 3. Leader who united the Mongols & began the invasion of China i. Genghis Khan 4. Body of unelected government officials e. bureaucracy 5. Thin, beautiful pottery h. porcelain 6. A device that indicates direction g. compass 7. Policy of avoiding contact with other nations j. isolationism 8. Founder of the Yuan dynasty a. Kublai Khan 9. A mixture of powders used in explosives L. gunpowder 10. Commanded huge fleets of ships f. Zheng He 11. Educated government worker c. scholar-official 12.Something that leads people to follow a certain course of action k. incentive #10) Pg 193 #1-5 KEY 1. This object displays Chinese expertise at working with d. porcelain 2. Trade and other contact with peoples far from China stopped under which dynasty? a. Ming 3. Which of the following was not a way that Confucianism influenced China? b. expansion on manufacturing and trade 4. What was a major cause for the spread of Buddhism to China and other parts of Asia? c. the travels to Buddhist missionaries 5. All of the following flourished during both the Tang and Song dynasties, except b. sea voyages of exploration #11) China Religion Notes Buddhism: based on life & teachings of Siddhartha Gautama the Buddha (aka “enlightened one”) lived in India from 563 to 483 B.C. brought to China @ 200 A.D. by Buddhist monks & traders 4 Noble Truths 1) All life is suffering & pain 2) Causes of suffering & pain = desire for: wealth pleasure fame power 3) Ending suffering = Overcoming Desire 4) Overcoming Desire = Follow the Middle Way the 1st Goal in life Attain nirvana: condition of desiring nothing Final goal in life Bring others to enlightenment Reincarnation When a person dies, soul is reborn in a new body Middle Way stresses virtuous/moral conduct compassion for all living things the Middle Way leads to calmness & purity Confucianism: Based on teachings of Kong Fu Zi (called Confucius by Europeans) Lived in China from 551 to 479 B.C. Practical philosophy for life & gov’t to create a peaceful, stable society Based on ancient Chinese traditions of respect & hard work Focused on Proper conduct Respect for elders Education Gov’t service Code of Behavior revolved around 5 relationships 1) Ruler & subject 2) Parent & child 3) Husband & wife 4) Sibling & sibling 5) Friend & friend Harmonious relations result from people who are loyal, courteous, honest, faithful, obedient Daoism: Based on teachings of Laozi Lived 606 to 530B.C. Main goal of life: achieve oneness with the Dao Dao = universal force connected to nature Dao can’t be defined, only experienced/felt Happiness/Peace/Harmony attained by: 1) simple/balanced living, in harmony with nature, thinking about nature 2) NOT strong gov’t or following societal rules & laws 3) Balancing opposite forces of nature: Yin = female, earth, dark, cold Yang = male, sky, light, & heat Humans are a part of nature 1) Discover nature = sit/feel/observe it 2) Nature doesn’t strive for fame, power, knowledge, therefore, humans shouldn’t Change is part of everything #12) China Religion Quotes Quote A “Like a spider caught in its own web is a person driven by fierce cravings. Break out of the web, and turn away from the world of sensory pleasure and sorrow.” Buddha Quote B “If a ruler himself is upright, all will go well without orders. But if he is not upright, even though he gives orders they will not be obeyed.” Confucius Quote C “Highest good is like water. Because water excels in benefiting the myriad creatures without contending with them and settles where none would like to be, it comes close to the way.” Laozi Quote D “The mind if flighty, and hard to grasp; the mind pursues all its desires. To tame the mind is great goodness. Subdue the mind and know its tranquility.” Buddha Quote E “The more laws and edicts are imposed, the more thieves and bandits there will be.” Laozi Quote F “Be respectful at home, serious at work, faithful in human relations. Even if you go to uncivilized areas, these virtues are not to be abandoned.” Confucius Quote G “Seeing that our body, with hair and skin, is derived from our parents, we should not allow it to be injured in any way. This is the beginning of filial respect. We develop our own character and practice the way so as to perpetuate our name for future generations, and to bring honor to our parents.” Confucius Quote H “Life is a journey, death is a return to earth, the universe is like an inn, the passing years are like dust.” Buddha Quote I “The sage, because he does nothing, never ruins anything; and, because he does not lay hold of anything nothing loses.” Laozi