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CHINA TEST STUDY GUIDE
Test is Wed, Feb 1st
1) Read Chapt. 7
2) China Geog Notes
3) Pg 169 #’s 1-3
4) Chapt 7-1 & 7-2 Worksheets
5) Chapt 7-3 & 7-4 Worksheets
6) Pg 179 #’s 1-2
7) Pg 186 #’s 1-3
8) China Discoveries & Inventions Notes
9) Pg 191 #’s 1-12
10) Pg 193 #’s 1-5
11) China Relig Notes
12) China Relig Quotes
#2) China Geog Notes
Taklimakan Desert
East China Sea
South China Sea
Mount Everest
Tian Mountains
Turfan Depression
Mekong River
North China Plain
Yellow River
Plateau of Tibet
Himalayan Mountains
Yellow Sea
Yangzi River
Gobi Desert
Yunan Plateau
Sichuan Basin
#3) Page 169 #’s 1-3 KEY
1a. Define What was the Period of Disunion?
It was a period when China was split into several competing kingdoms ruled by
military rulers.
I found this on page ____.
1b. Explain How did the Chinese culture change during the Period of Disunion?
Northern and Southern Chinese cultures mixed to develop new art, music, food, and
clothing styles.
I found this on page ____.
2a. Identify Who was Empress Wu? What did she do?
She was the only woman to ever rule China.
She brought stability and prosperity to China.
I found this on page ____.
2b. Evaluate How do you think the reunification of China affected the common people?
The common people felt more at peace throughout the land without having to fear so
many wars.
I found this on page ____.
3a. Identify When was the Age of Buddhism in China?
It was about 400 to 845.
I found this on page ____.
3b. Explain Why did the people turn to Buddhism during the Period of Disunion?
People took comfort in Buddhist teachings that you can escape suffering and achieve
a state of peace.
I found this on page ____.
3c. Elaborate How did Buddhism influence Chinese culture?
It influenced many aspects including art, literature, and architecture.
I found this on page ____.
#4) Chapt 7-1 & 7-2 Worksheets
Write a ONE sentence definition of each term.
Write a ONE sentence definition of each term.
Yang Chien
Yang Chien
Write a ONE sentence definition of each term.
#7: Find on Pg 173, last sentence
#8: Look for “merchant” on pg 173, right column, 1st paragraph, & define it.
#5) Chapt 7-3 & 7-4 Worksheets
New-Confucianism
change it into a true complete sentence.
KEY for #4 & #5
#6) Page 179 #’s 1-2 KEY
1a. ren = concern for others;
li = appropriate behavior
1b. the Song Dynasty’s new version that blended proper behavior and spiritual matters
1c. It included the best of Buddhism & Confucianism (spiritual matters and ethics).
2a. an educated member of the government who passed a test about the knowledge of
Confucianism and related ideas
2b. considerable respect as elite members of society, widely admired for their knowledge
and ethics, reduced penalties for breaking the law, many became wealthy
2c. Yes – screened out people who were not smart, capable, or serious
No – knowing philosophical or religious ideas has nothing to do with the jobs they
performed
#7) Page 186 #’s 1-3 KEY
1a. the leader of the Mongols who conquered a large part of Asia
1b. by brutally attacking and terrorizing Chinese towns
1c. The statement is valid because attacking Japan contributed to the Yuan dynasty’s
failure
2a. the greatest sailor of the Ming dynasty;
led voyages of exploration throughout Asia and as far the East coast of Africa
2b. They were impressed with the power of the emperor
2c. protected China;
but it was costly to build.
3a. avoiding contact with other countries
3b. many massive building projects; more power for emperors; instituted isolationism
3c. advantages: protection/safety;
disadvantages: lack of trade; less development
#8) Chinese Discoveries and Inventions Notes
1.
Compass
1. Early Chinese compasses were made of a
magnetic mineral called lodestone which always
points north.
2. Later compasses were made of steel needles
rubbed with lodestone because they were more
accurate.
3. The compass is still used to help travelers
navigate over sea or land today.
2.
Canal Lock
1. Man-made canals that sloped made boat travel
difficult.
2. Canal locks solved this problem by “trapping”
water between two gates/locks, lowering or
raising the water level, which then raised or
lowered the boat
3. Locks are still used today, even with huge ships.
3.
Moveable
Type
1. It uses a separate block for each letter or
character.
2. This allowed printers to reuse letters several
times which lowered the cost & increased the
speed.
3. Lowering the cost of printing made more reading
materials available which increased learning 1st
in China & eventually around the world.
4.
Porcelain
1. It is a type of beautiful pottery that was mass
produced throughout China.
2. Fine porcelain was produced in China 800 years
before it was in Europe.
3. Chinese porcelain is still so popular that the
finest dishes today are still called “china”.
5.
Gunpowder
1. Chinese alchemists accidentally invented
gunpowder.
2. The Chinese used it in various military
weapons like bombs.
3. Gunpowder changed the way wars were
fought throughout the world.
6.
Rocket
1. Rockets were 1st used only in fireworks.
2. Rockets were later used to drop arrows on
enemies.
3. The rockets we use in space today are still
built based on ancient Chinese principles.
7.
Paper Money
1. Paper money was added to coins as
another form of currency.
2. It was produced with multiple wood blocks
and colors.
3. Paper money is the most common form of
currency used in the world today.
8.
Mechanical
Clock
1. It was more accurate than previous timekeeping devices.
2. Sounds from drums & chimes let people
know what time it was.
3. Clocks today are still built based on the
principles of these ancient clocks.
9.
Small Pox
Prevention
1. Chinese discovered that smoke & steam
could stop the spread of diseases.
2. They also discovered that exposing people
to small pox in powder form could prevent
it.
3. We still use the same theory of limited
exposure to prevent the occurrence or
slow the spread of many diseases.
#9) Pg 191 #’s 1-12 KEY
1. Ruthless but effective Tang Dynasty ruler
d. Empress Wu
2. A set of letters or characters that can be moved to create different lines of text
b. movable type
3. Leader who united the Mongols & began the invasion of China
i. Genghis Khan
4. Body of unelected government officials
e. bureaucracy
5. Thin, beautiful pottery
h. porcelain
6. A device that indicates direction
g. compass
7. Policy of avoiding contact with other nations
j. isolationism
8. Founder of the Yuan dynasty
a. Kublai Khan
9. A mixture of powders used in explosives
L. gunpowder
10. Commanded huge fleets of ships
f. Zheng He
11. Educated government worker
c. scholar-official
12.Something that leads people to follow a certain course of action
k. incentive
#10) Pg 193 #1-5 KEY
1. This object displays Chinese expertise at working with
d. porcelain
2. Trade and other contact with peoples far from China stopped under which dynasty?
a. Ming
3. Which of the following was not a way that Confucianism influenced China?
b. expansion on manufacturing and trade
4. What was a major cause for the spread of Buddhism to China and other parts of
Asia?
c. the travels to Buddhist missionaries
5. All of the following flourished during both the Tang and Song dynasties, except
b. sea voyages of exploration
#11) China Religion Notes
Buddhism:

based on life & teachings of Siddhartha Gautama
 the Buddha (aka “enlightened one”)
 lived in India from 563 to 483 B.C.

brought to China @ 200 A.D. by Buddhist monks & traders

4 Noble Truths
1) All life is suffering & pain
2) Causes of suffering & pain = desire for:
 wealth
 pleasure
 fame
 power
3) Ending suffering = Overcoming Desire
4) Overcoming Desire = Follow the Middle Way

the




1st Goal in life
 Attain nirvana: condition of desiring nothing

Final goal in life
 Bring others to enlightenment

Reincarnation
 When a person dies, soul is reborn in a new body
Middle Way stresses
virtuous/moral conduct
compassion for all living things
the Middle Way leads to calmness & purity
Confucianism:

Based on teachings of Kong Fu Zi (called Confucius by Europeans)

Lived in China from 551 to 479 B.C.

Practical philosophy for life & gov’t to create a peaceful, stable society

Based on ancient Chinese traditions of respect & hard work

Focused on
 Proper conduct
 Respect for elders
 Education
 Gov’t service

Code of Behavior revolved around 5 relationships
1) Ruler & subject
2) Parent & child
3) Husband & wife
4) Sibling & sibling
5) Friend & friend

Harmonious relations result from people who are loyal, courteous, honest,
faithful, obedient
Daoism:

Based on teachings of Laozi

Lived 606 to 530B.C.

Main goal of life: achieve oneness with the Dao
 Dao = universal force connected to nature
 Dao can’t be defined, only experienced/felt

Happiness/Peace/Harmony attained by:
1) simple/balanced living, in harmony with nature, thinking about
nature
2) NOT strong gov’t or following societal rules & laws
3) Balancing opposite forces of nature:
 Yin = female, earth, dark, cold
 Yang = male, sky, light, & heat

Humans are a part of nature
1) Discover nature = sit/feel/observe it
2) Nature doesn’t strive for fame, power, knowledge, therefore,
humans shouldn’t

Change is part of everything
#12) China Religion Quotes
Quote A
“Like a spider caught in its own web is a person driven by fierce cravings. Break out of
the web, and turn away from the world of sensory pleasure and sorrow.” Buddha
Quote B
“If a ruler himself is upright, all will go well without orders. But if he is not upright, even
though he gives orders they will not be obeyed.” Confucius
Quote C
“Highest good is like water. Because water excels in benefiting the myriad creatures
without contending with them and settles where none would like to be, it comes close
to the way.” Laozi
Quote D
“The mind if flighty, and hard to grasp; the mind pursues all its desires. To tame the
mind is great goodness. Subdue the mind and know its tranquility.” Buddha
Quote E
“The more laws and edicts are imposed, the more thieves and bandits there will be.”
Laozi
Quote F
“Be respectful at home, serious at work, faithful in human relations. Even if you go to
uncivilized areas, these virtues are not to be abandoned.” Confucius
Quote G
“Seeing that our body, with hair and skin, is derived from our parents, we should not
allow it to be injured in any way. This is the beginning of filial respect. We develop our
own character and practice the way so as to perpetuate our name for future
generations, and to bring honor to our parents.” Confucius
Quote H
“Life is a journey, death is a return to earth, the universe is like an inn, the passing
years are like dust.” Buddha
Quote I
“The sage, because he does nothing, never ruins anything; and, because he does not
lay hold of anything nothing loses.” Laozi