Download Name Date Period ______ STUDY GUIDE: ECOLOGY Matching: a

Name __________________________________________ Date ________________________________ Period _________
STUDY GUIDE: ECOLOGY
Matching:
a. Biosphere
c. species
e. biome
g. population
b. Community
d. ecosystem
f. ecology
_____ 1. Scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment
_____2. All life within the hydrosphere, geosphere (lithosphere), and atmosphere
_____3. Arctic foxes that breed and produce offspring
_____4. All the Crape Myrtle trees in the front of the school
_____5. All the Crape Myrtle trees, grasshoppers, hawks, mice and ants living around the school
_____6. All the Crape Myrtle trees, grasshoppers, hawks, mice and ants living around the school interacting with the soil,
water, sunlight and air
_____7. All the Rainforests of the world
8. On the food web below draw in the arrow heads according to the flow of energy.
Then, place one of the following terms under each organism. Note: some terms may be used more than once
Carnivore, Decomposer, Herbivore, Producer, Frist Order Consumer, Second Order Consumer
9. List a food CHAIN from the web above. Include the arrows of energy flow. CIRCLE the organism in your food chain
with the most amount energy; put a SQUARE around the organism with the lease amount of energy
10. For each situation below, label as (A) Abiotic Factor or (B) Biotic factor
_____a. Elephant drinking water from a pond
_____c. A wasp stinging a human
_____b. Bushes thriving in fertile soil
_____d. Wind blowing the leaves off of a tree
Define:
11.
Biodiversity
12.
Trophic Level
13.
Pioneer (Keystone)
species
14.
Niche
15. Label a possible energy pyramid using organisms for a natural environment in Georgia. Then complete the amounts of
energy for each level. Assume that the autotroph (producer) in your pyramid contains 35,000 kJ of energy.
AMOUNT OF ENERGY
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
16. The statements below have parenthesis with choices. For each, circle the correct term:
a. In nature energy is (released, recycled) and matter is (released, recycled).
b. In any ecosystem the 1st trophic level has the (least, most) energy and the (least, most) biomass
c. A lion lives in a den; this is his (habitat, niche). This particular lion is in charge of hunting for the pride; this is
his (habitat, niche)
17. Choose the correct term for each of the following scenarios: (a) mutualism
(b) commensalism
(c) parasitism
_____i. Lichen is the name for an organism that is the result of a fungus and algae living closely with one another. The
algae provides oxygen and food for the fungus. The fungus provides nutrients and CO2 for the algae.
_____ii. Cattle Egrets are birds that forage in fields among cattle or other livestock. As cattle, horses, and other livestock
graze on the field, they cause movements that stir up various insects. As the insects are stirred up, the Cattle egrets
following the livestock catch and feed upon them. The egrets benefit from this relationship because the livestock
have helped them find their meals, while the livestock are typically unaffected by it.
_____iii. A fungus that grows on the skin uses the nutrients of the skin cells which eventually destroys the skin tissue.
_____iv. A bacterium named Rhizobium lives on the roots of bean plants and provided them with a constant source of
usable nitrogen. The plants cannot use the nitrogen gas in the air, but the bacteria convert it into nitrate, which the
plant readily uses. The plants, in turn, provide the underground bacteria with a constant supply of energy from the
products of photosynthesis.
18. Compare and contrast the following: CHEMOTROPH vs. PHOTOTROPH
Biogeochemical (Nutrient) Cycles
19. Match the diagram to its title. Then use the diagrams to answer the questions that follow:
_____H2O Cycle
_____ Carbon Cycle
_____ Nitrogen Cycle
_____ Phosphorus Cycle
_____ i. This process performed by bacteria returns nitrogen to the atmosphere.
a. evaporation b. denitrification c. nitrogen fixation d. lightning
_____ii. Water vapor moving into the atmosphere from plants.
a. transpiration b. precipitation c. condensation d. photolysis
_____ iii. Burning fossil fuels give off ____ gas into the atmosphere
a. NH4 b. Oxygen c. Vapor d. CO2
_____iv. When this element is cycling through nature there is no gaseous phase where it is released into the atmosphere
a. C
b. H
c. P
d. O
_____v. The niche of nitrifying bacteria in nature is to:
a. move N deep into the soil
b. photosynthesize
c. fix un-usable N2 gas into a usable form
d. eat away at sediment deposits from water runoff
20. Succession: Follow the ordered pictures in the diagram below (1 – 8) to answer the questions that follow:
i. Which type of succession is shown in the diagram above? _______________________
ii. Circle the correct answer for each:
Pictures 1 & 8 represent a (climax, pioneer) community while picture 5 shows a (climax, pioneer) community.
iii. What term is used to describe the organisms moving back into the community in picture 5? ______________________
21. Biomes: Fill in the chart below…be detailed & thorough!
Biome
Climate
Plant
(list some and describe how they have
adapted to the environment)
Animals
(list some and describe how they have
adapted to the environment)
Desert
Grassland
Tiaga
(coniferous)
Temperate
Forest
Tropical
Rain Forest
Tundra
Grassland
(Chaparral,
Savanna and/or
Steppe)
22. Name the biome in which Georgia belongs? ____________________________________________
23. Population Changes: Use the following graphs to answer the questions that follow:
A.
B.
i. This graph shows exponential growth. __________
ii. This population has no limiting factors. _________
iii. What does the dashed line in Graph A represent?______________________________________ Explain:
24. List several density-dependent factors that effect and ecosystem and describe how they effect a population. Do the
same for several density-independent factors.
DENSITY-DEPENDENT
vs.
DENSITY-INDEPENDENT
25. Select one ecological problem caused by man (acid rain, pollution, habitat disruption, species endangerment, global
warming, etc.). Analyze its impact and identify a possible solution. BE SPECIFIC and THOROUGH!
26. Choose 3 plant adaptations and describe how each allows the plant to withstand stressful environmental conditions.
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27. Choose 3 animal adaptations and describe how each allows the animal to withstand stressful environmental conditions.
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27. Human Impact Terms: Fill in the blanks with the letter of the appropriate terms. Use each term only once
a.
greenhouse
effect
b.
sustainable
use
f.
acid rain
g.
biodiversity
k.
nonrenewable
resource
l.
p.
pollutant
ecosystem
diversity
endangered
species
u.
smog
q.
v.
aquaculture
c.
conservation
h.
habitat
fragmentation
m. global
warming
r.
soil erosion
d.
ozone layer
e.
desertification
i.
extinction
j.
genetic diversity
n.
species
diversity
renewable
resource
o.
deforestation
t.
invasive species
s.
w. biological
magnification
_____________
1. resource that can regenerate quickly and that is replaceable
_____________
2. resource that cannot be replenished by natural processes
_____________
3. using natural resources at a rate that does not deplete them
_____________
4. wearing away of surface soil by water and wind
_____________
5. in areas with dry climates, a process caused by a combination of poor farming practices, overgrazing, and
drought that turns productive land into desert
_____________
6. destruction of forests
_____________
7. farming of aquatic organisms
_____________
8. gray-brown mixture of chemicals that occurs as a haze in the atmosphere
_____________
9. harmful material that can enter the biosphere through the land, air, or water
_____________
10. rain containing nitric and sulfuric acids
_____________
11. biological diversity; the sum total of the variety of organisms in the biosphere
_____________
12. variety of habitats, living communities, and ecological processes in the living world
_____________
13. number of different species in the biosphere
_____________
14. Sum total of all the different forms of genetic information carried by all organisms living on Earth today
_____________
15. disappearance of a species from all parts of its geographical range
_____________
16. natural situation in which heat is retained in Earth’s atmosphere by carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor,
and other gases
_____________
17. species whose population size is rapidly declining and will become extinct if the trend continues
_____________
18. splitting of ecosystems into small fragments
_____________
19. increasing concentration of a harmful substance in organisms at higher trophic levels in a food chain or
food web
_____________
20. plants and animals that have migrated to places where they are not native
_____________
21. wise management of natural resources, including the preservation of habitats and wildlife
_____________
22. band of ozone, a gas made up of three oxygen atoms
_____________
23. increase in the average temperatures on Earth