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Full file at http://testbankcart.eu/Test-Bank-for-Essentials-of-Cultural-Anthropology-3rd-Edition-by-Bailey CHAPTER 1: THE STUDY OF HUMANITY MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Anthropology is the academic discipline that studies which of the following? a. Non-Western societies b. African tribes and Native Americans c. All human beings d. Monkeys and other primates ANS: C MSC: New DIF: Conceptual REF: 2 OBJ: 1 2. Which of the subfields of anthropology studies the biological and genetic evolution of the human species? a. Archaeology b. Physical anthropology c. Cultural anthropology d. Applied linguistics ANS: B MSC: New DIF: Conceptual REF: 3 OBJ: 1 3. Which of the subfields of anthropology specializes in investigating the biological evolution of the human species? a. Archaeology b. Primatology c. Paleoanthropology d. Applied linguistics ANS: C MSC: New DIF: Conceptual REF: 3 OBJ: 1 4. Which of the subfields of anthropology includes the study of nonhuman primate behavior? a. Archaeology b. Physical anthropology c. Cultural anthropology d. Applied linguistics ANS: B MSC: Pickup DIF: Conceptual REF: 3 OBJ: 1 5. Paleoanthropologists study: a. Europe in the 17th C. b. people such as the Asmat from New Guinea. c. the elderly in any society. d. fossil remains of human ancestors. ANS: D MSC: Pickup DIF: Applied REF: 3 OBJ: 1 6. Jane Goodall, a(n) _____, found that chimpanzees use and modify tools for various purposes. a. Archaeologist Full file at http://testbankcart.eu/Test-Bank-for-Essentials-of-Cultural-Anthropology-3rd-Edition-by-Bailey b. Primatologist c. cultural anthropologist d. Linguist ANS: B MSC: Pickup DIF: Factual REF: 3 OBJ: 1 7. Which of the following is not a subfield of anthropology? a. Cultural b. Archaeology c. Physical d. Sociology ANS: D MSC: New DIF: Conceptual REF: 3 OBJ: 1 8. Primatological research has helped us understand: a. human behaviors such as aggression. b. the manner of death of crime victims. c. why devout Hindus do not eat beef. d. the psychological development of children. ANS: A MSC: New DIF: Applied REF: 3 OBJ: 1 9. Anatomical and physiological differences among human populations, researched primarily by biological anthropologists are referred to as a. species diversity. b. genetic anomalies. c. human variation. d. physical specializations. ANS: C MSC: New DIF: Factual REF: 4 OBJ: 1 10. When exposed to sunlight, human skin manufactures: a. calcium. b. vitamin D. c. iron. d. potasium. ANS: B MSC: New DIF: Factual REF: 4 OBJ: 1 11. What do we call biological anthropologists who work with law enforcement agencies to identify and analyze human skeletal remains? a. Primatologists b. Paleoanthropologists c. Physical anthropologists d. Forensic anthropologists ANS: D MSC: New DIF: Conceptual REF: 4 OBJ: 1 12. The primary difference between prehistoric archaeology and historic archaeology is: Full file at http://testbankcart.eu/Test-Bank-for-Essentials-of-Cultural-Anthropology-3rd-Edition-by-Bailey a. b. c. d. the lack of fieldwork involved in historic archaeology. prehistoric archaeologists work in more exotic places than historic archaeologists. historic archaeology uses excavations to supplement the written record. historic archaeologists are less likely to work in academic settings than historic archaeologists. ANS: C MSC: New DIF: Conceptual REF: 6 OBJ: 1 13. Historic archaeologists might study: a. the fossil remains of our pre-human ancestors. b. the origins of agriculture. c. factories and plantations. d. the physical characteristics and identities of crime victims. ANS: C MSC: Pickup DIF: Applied REF: 6 OBJ: 1 14. The main focus of the subfield of cultural anthropology is: a. to understand how and why humans evolved from ape-like ancestors. b. the investigation of prehistoric cultures. c. to study the customs and beliefs of some human group. d. to study human language. ANS: C MSC: Pickup DIF: Conceptual REF: 6 OBJ: 1 15. Which of the following is not an interest of cultural anthropology? a. Studying firsthand and reporting about the ways of life of particular human societies b. Comparing diverse cultures and peoples to determine whether there are any common causes or influences that operate in all cultures c. Trying to understand how various aspects of human life relate to one another in particular cultures and in cultures generally d. Studying fossil remains to learn more about how the dinosaurs lived ANS: D MSC: New DIF: Applied REF: 6 OBJ: 1 16. An example of fieldwork might be: a. an anthropologist doing detailed archival research on federal welfare programs. b. an anthropologist spending 18 months living among the Trobrianders in the Pacific Islands. c. an anthropologist studying human genetic variation in a laboratory. d. an anthropologist examining the history of language by comparing multiple written texts. ANS: B MSC: Pickup DIF: Conceptual REF: 7 OBJ: 1 17. Ethnography is: a. a description of the structures of human languages. b. a written description of the way of life of some human group. c. a study fossil humans. d. a survey and excavation of archaeological sites. ANS: B DIF: Conceptual REF: 8 OBJ: 1 Full file at http://testbankcart.eu/Test-Bank-for-Essentials-of-Cultural-Anthropology-3rd-Edition-by-Bailey MSC: Pickup 18. Which anthropological subfield is most likely to involve the study of how the elite in society use language to protect their status? a. Historic archaeology b. Linguistics c. Forensic anthropology d. Ethnology ANS: B MSC: Pickup DIF: Applied REF: 8 OBJ: 1 REF: 9 OBJ: 2 19. Applied anthropologists work in: a. development anthropology. b. psychological anthropology. c. urban anthropology. d. symbolic anthropology. ANS: A MSC: New DIF: Conceptual 20. Which of these is most likely to be studied by a medical anthropologist? a. The relationship between language and human thought and behavior b. The effect of the environment on the nutrition of a population c. The daily life of a single human population d. How to resolve cultural differences and avoid miscommunication ANS: B MSC: Pickup DIF: Applied REF: 9 OBJ: 2 21. Where do the majority of anthropologists work? a. At universities and colleges b. At archaeological sites c. In some federal, state, or local governmental agency or in the private sector d. In major corporations ANS: C MSC: Pickup DIF: Factual REF: 9 OBJ: 2 22. Developmental anthropologists have worked for all of the following except: a. U.S. Agency for International Development. b. The Red Cross. c. World Bank. d. United Nations. ANS: B MSC: New DIF: Factual REF: 9 OBJ: 2 23. Which of these is most likely to be studied by an educational anthropologist? a. The relationship between language and human thought and behavior b. The effect of the environment on the nutrition of a population c. The learning styles and behavior of children from various ethnic, racial, and national backgrounds. d. How to resolve cultural differences and avoid miscommunication Full file at http://testbankcart.eu/Test-Bank-for-Essentials-of-Cultural-Anthropology-3rd-Edition-by-Bailey ANS: C MSC: New DIF: Applied REF: 9 OBJ: 2 24. How individuals brought up with different cultural assumptions can minimize their ways of life, and be sensitive to the multitude of differences between the world’s peoples is referred to as: a. intercultural communication. b. corporate anthropology. c. educational communication. d. developmental anthropology. ANS: A MSC: New DIF: Conceptual REF: 9 OBJ: 2 REF: 10 OBJ: 3 25. The focus of anthropology is: a. human diversity. b. human evolution. c. tribal societies. d. physical variation. ANS: A MSC: Pickup DIF: Factual 26. An important factor that separates cultural anthropology from other disciplines that also study humanity is: a. that anthropologists only go to “exotic” places. b. firsthand prolonged fieldwork. c. the ethnocentrism of ethnographers. d. a lack of anthropological interest in religion and art. ANS: B MSC: Pickup DIF: Factual REF: 11 OBJ: 3 27. Cultural anthropologists in the 21st Century have studied all of the following topics except: a. the cultural significance of Elvis. b. Canadian medical clinics. c. the history of space travel. d. Wall Street. ANS: C MSC: New DIF: Factual REF: 11 OBJ: 3 28. Worldwide process through which diverse peoples and nations are integrated into a single system involving flows of technology, transportation, communications, travel, and market exchanges is called: a. globalization. b. transnationalism. c. consolidation. d. integration. ANS: A MSC: New DIF: Conceptual REF: 11 OBJ: 3 29. Which of these is not considered a distinctive feature of anthropology? a. A quantitative approach to the study of populations b. A holistic approach to the study of societies Full file at http://testbankcart.eu/Test-Bank-for-Essentials-of-Cultural-Anthropology-3rd-Edition-by-Bailey c. A comparative approach to the study of culture d. The perspective of cultural relativism ANS: A MSC: Pickup DIF: Applied REF: 13 OBJ: 4 30. The perspective that fieldworkers must understand any particular aspect of a community’s way of life as interrelated to other parts, within the context of the entire culture is called: a. cultural relativism. b. the comparative perspective. c. the holistic perspective. d. human variation. ANS: C MSC: Pickup DIF: Conceptual REF: 13 OBJ: 4 31. The insistence by anthropologists that valid hypotheses and theories about humanity be tested with data from a wide range of cultures is called: a. cultural relativism. b. the comparative perspective. c. the holistic perspective. d. human variation. ANS: C MSC: New DIF: Conceptual REF: 14 OBJ: 4 32. The notion that one should not judge the behaviors or beliefs of other peoples using the standards of one's own culture is called: a. cultural relativism. b. the comparative perspective. c. the holistic perspective. d. human variation. ANS: A MSC: New DIF: Conceptual REF: 14 OBJ: 4 33. The belief that one’s own cultural values are superior to those of another culture is called: a. ethnocentrism. b. cultural relativism. c. cultural reMSC management. d. comparativism. ANS: A MSC: Pickup DIF: Conceptual REF: 14 OBJ: 4 34. Which of these is an example of an insight from anthropology to the understanding of humanity? a. Humans are closely related to apes. b. Race and culture are directly linked to each other. c. Cultural differences are natural and we should not take the time to understand them. d. People around the world generally think, feel, and act the same. ANS: A MSC: Pickup DIF: Applied REF: 16 OBJ: 5 Full file at http://testbankcart.eu/Test-Bank-for-Essentials-of-Cultural-Anthropology-3rd-Edition-by-Bailey 35. By studying the other people who live in different circumstances, anthropologists attempt to gain new insights on: a. the future. b. the past. c. primates. d. ourselves. ANS: D MSC: Pickup DIF: Applied REF: 16 OBJ: 5 TRUE/FALSE 1. Almost all anthropologists specialize in only one of four subfields. ANS: T REF: 3 MSC: New 2. African apes, such as the chimpanzees and gorillas, exhibit bipedalism. ANS: F REF: 3 MSC: New 3. Paleoanthropologists have said that humans migrated out of Africa almost 4 million years ago. ANS: F REF: 3 MSC: Pickup 4. One of the basic principles of anthropology is that throughout the world people are physically more similar than they are different. ANS: T REF: 4 MSC: Pickup 5. Forensic anthropologists work for or consult with law enforcement agencies, where they analyze and help identify human skeletal remains. ANS: T REF: 4 MSC: New 6. Archaeology is the anthropological subfield that studies bones. ANS: F REF: 4 MSC: New 7. Contract anthropology is a recent field that pertains to the practice of law. ANS: F REF: 6 MSC: Pickup 8. Anthropological fieldwork involves doing intensive library research without having firsthand contact with a group of people. ANS: F REF: 7 MSC: New 9. An ethnography is a written account of the sound patterns of language. ANS: F REF: 8 MSC: Pickup Full file at http://testbankcart.eu/Test-Bank-for-Essentials-of-Cultural-Anthropology-3rd-Edition-by-Bailey 10. The ability to communicate complex messages with great efficiency is one of the most important capabilities of humans that makes us different from primates and other animals ANS: T REF: 8 MSC: New 11. Most applied anthropologists have their most extensive training in cultural anthropology. ANS: T REF: 9 MSC: Pickup 12. All of the subfields of anthropology share an interest in human diversity. ANS: T REF: 10 MSC: Pickup 13. Now that anthropologists study modernized societies more frequently, there is no real difference between anthropology and sociology. ANS: F REF: 11 MSC: Pickup 14. By the turn of the twenty-first century, the process of globalization was completed. ANS: F REF: 11 MSC: Pickup 15. The holistic perspective refers to the principle that no culture is inherently superior or inferior to any other. ANS: F REF: 13 MSC: Pickup 16. Anthropologist Marvin Harris theorized that for Hindu peasants, cows were worth more alive than dead. This example illustrates the essence of the holistic perspective. ANS: T REF: 14 MSC: Pickup 17. Any claim that a general idea is valid for all people must be supported by using the comparative approach within anthropology. ANS: T REF: 14 MSC: Pickup 18. The modern meaning of the term “culture,” as used in the phrase “Japanese culture,” is not very old. ANS: T REF: 16 MSC: Pickup 19. One of the values of anthropology is that it explains why Americans should be ethnocentric. ANS: F REF: 16 MSC: Pickup 20. The value that anthropology places on understanding cultural differences might help alleviate some of the misunderstandings between different peoples throughout the world. ANS: T SHORT ANSWER REF: 16 MSC: Pickup Full file at http://testbankcart.eu/Test-Bank-for-Essentials-of-Cultural-Anthropology-3rd-Edition-by-Bailey 1. What does anthropology study as an academic discipline? ANS: Anthropology is the study of humankind (Homo sapiens) from a broad perspective, focusing especially on the biological and cultural differences and similarities among populations and societies of both the past and the present. REF: 2 MSC: New 2. Name the four subfields of American anthropology. ANS: Biological/physical anthropology, archaeology, cultural anthropology, and anthropological linguistics REF: 3 MSC: New 3. What is the study of biological anthropology? ANS: It is a major subfield of anthropology that studies the biological dimensions of humans. REF: 3 MSC: New 4. What do primatologists specialize in? ANS: Primatologists specialize in the evolution, anatomy, adaptation, and social behavior of primates, the taxonomic order to which humans belong. REF: 3 MSC: New 5. What do anthropologists mean by the term human variation? ANS: Anatomical and physiological differences among human populations, researched primarily by biological anthropologists. REF: 4 MSC: New 6. What is the study of archaeology? ANS: It is a major subfield that studies past cultures through the excavation and analysis of artifacts and other material remains. REF: 4 MSC: New 7. What is the study of cultural anthropology? ANS: It is a major subfield of anthropology that studies the way of life of contemporary and historically recent human populations. Full file at http://testbankcart.eu/Test-Bank-for-Essentials-of-Cultural-Anthropology-3rd-Edition-by-Bailey REF: 6 MSC: New 8. What does anthropological fieldwork entail? ANS: It entails research that involves observing and interviewing the members of a society, region, or community to describe their contemporary way of life. REF: 7 MSC: New 9. What is an ethnography? ANS: An ethnography is a written description of the way of life of some human group. REF: 8 MSC: New 10. What is the study of anthropological linguistics? ANS: It is a major subfield that focuses on the interrelationships among language and other aspects of a people’s culture. REF: 8 MSC: New 11. What is the study of applied anthropology? ANS: It is the use of anthropological methods, theories, and concepts to solve practical, real-world problems; practitioners often are employed by government agencies or private organizations. REF: 9 MSC: New 12. What does the term globalization describe? ANS: The worldwide process through which diverse peoples and nations are integrated into a single system involving flows of technology, transportation, communications, travel, and market exchanges. REF: 11 MSC: New 13. Describe the holistic perspective. ANS: The assumption that any aspect of a culture is integrated with other aspects, so that every aspect of culture must be understood in its total context. REF: 13 MSC: New 14. Describe the comparative perspective. ANS: Full file at http://testbankcart.eu/Test-Bank-for-Essentials-of-Cultural-Anthropology-3rd-Edition-by-Bailey This is the insistence by anthropologists that valid hypotheses and theories about humanity be tested with data from a wide range of cultures REF: 14 MSC: New 15. What do anthropologists mean by the term cultural relativism? ANS: This is the notion that one should not judge the behavior or beliefs of other peoples using the standards of one’s own culture. REF: 15 MSC: New 16. What does the term “ethnocentrism” mean? ANS: Ethnocentrism is the attitude or opinion that the morals, values, and customs of one’s own culture are superior to those of other peoples. REF: 15 MSC: New ESSAY 1. Define the four subfields of anthropology and give an example of an area of research for each. ANS: Not Given REF: 3-8 MSC: Pickup 2. Explain the difference between prehistoric archaeology and historic archaeology; give an example of a research topic for each. ANS: Not Given REF: 4-6 MSC: Pickup 3. How anthropology has changed in the last 30 to 40 years? Explain the role of globalization in this transformation. ANS: Not Given REF: 10-13 MSC: New 4. Explain the three key anthropological perspectives, and discuss how these perspectives make cultural anthropology distinctive. ANS: Not Given Full file at http://testbankcart.eu/Test-Bank-for-Essentials-of-Cultural-Anthropology-3rd-Edition-by-Bailey REF: 13-15 MSC: New 5. Explain how the study of anthropology might contribute to a better understanding of ourselves and our own society. ANS: Not Given REF: 15-17 MSC: Pickup