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CHAPTER 1: THE STUDY OF HUMANITY
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Anthropology is the academic discipline that studies which of the following?
a. Non-Western societies
b. African tribes and Native Americans
c. All human beings
d. Monkeys and other primates
ANS: C
MSC: New
DIF: Conceptual
REF: 2
OBJ: 1
2. Which of the subfields of anthropology studies the biological and genetic evolution of the human
species?
a. Archaeology
b. Physical anthropology
c. Cultural anthropology
d. Applied linguistics
ANS: B
MSC: New
DIF: Conceptual
REF: 3
OBJ: 1
3. Which of the subfields of anthropology specializes in investigating the biological evolution of the
human species?
a. Archaeology
b. Primatology
c. Paleoanthropology
d. Applied linguistics
ANS: C
MSC: New
DIF: Conceptual
REF: 3
OBJ: 1
4. Which of the subfields of anthropology includes the study of nonhuman primate behavior?
a. Archaeology
b. Physical anthropology
c. Cultural anthropology
d. Applied linguistics
ANS: B
MSC: Pickup
DIF: Conceptual
REF: 3
OBJ: 1
5. Paleoanthropologists study:
a. Europe in the 17th C.
b. people such as the Asmat from New Guinea.
c. the elderly in any society.
d. fossil remains of human ancestors.
ANS: D
MSC: Pickup
DIF: Applied
REF: 3
OBJ: 1
6. Jane Goodall, a(n) _____, found that chimpanzees use and modify tools for various purposes.
a. Archaeologist
Full file at http://testbankcart.eu/Test-Bank-for-Essentials-of-Cultural-Anthropology-3rd-Edition-by-Bailey
b. Primatologist
c. cultural anthropologist
d. Linguist
ANS: B
MSC: Pickup
DIF: Factual
REF: 3
OBJ: 1
7. Which of the following is not a subfield of anthropology?
a. Cultural
b. Archaeology
c. Physical
d. Sociology
ANS: D
MSC: New
DIF: Conceptual
REF: 3
OBJ: 1
8. Primatological research has helped us understand:
a. human behaviors such as aggression.
b. the manner of death of crime victims.
c. why devout Hindus do not eat beef.
d. the psychological development of children.
ANS: A
MSC: New
DIF: Applied
REF: 3
OBJ: 1
9. Anatomical and physiological differences among human populations, researched primarily by
biological anthropologists are referred to as
a. species diversity.
b. genetic anomalies.
c. human variation.
d. physical specializations.
ANS: C
MSC: New
DIF: Factual
REF: 4
OBJ: 1
10. When exposed to sunlight, human skin manufactures:
a. calcium.
b. vitamin D.
c. iron.
d. potasium.
ANS: B
MSC: New
DIF: Factual
REF: 4
OBJ: 1
11. What do we call biological anthropologists who work with law enforcement agencies to identify and
analyze human skeletal remains?
a. Primatologists
b. Paleoanthropologists
c. Physical anthropologists
d. Forensic anthropologists
ANS: D
MSC: New
DIF: Conceptual
REF: 4
OBJ: 1
12. The primary difference between prehistoric archaeology and historic archaeology is:
Full file at http://testbankcart.eu/Test-Bank-for-Essentials-of-Cultural-Anthropology-3rd-Edition-by-Bailey
a.
b.
c.
d.
the lack of fieldwork involved in historic archaeology.
prehistoric archaeologists work in more exotic places than historic archaeologists.
historic archaeology uses excavations to supplement the written record.
historic archaeologists are less likely to work in academic settings than historic
archaeologists.
ANS: C
MSC: New
DIF: Conceptual
REF: 6
OBJ: 1
13. Historic archaeologists might study:
a. the fossil remains of our pre-human ancestors.
b. the origins of agriculture.
c. factories and plantations.
d. the physical characteristics and identities of crime victims.
ANS: C
MSC: Pickup
DIF: Applied
REF: 6
OBJ: 1
14. The main focus of the subfield of cultural anthropology is:
a. to understand how and why humans evolved from ape-like ancestors.
b. the investigation of prehistoric cultures.
c. to study the customs and beliefs of some human group.
d. to study human language.
ANS: C
MSC: Pickup
DIF: Conceptual
REF: 6
OBJ: 1
15. Which of the following is not an interest of cultural anthropology?
a. Studying firsthand and reporting about the ways of life of particular human societies
b. Comparing diverse cultures and peoples to determine whether there are any common
causes or influences that operate in all cultures
c. Trying to understand how various aspects of human life relate to one another in particular
cultures and in cultures generally
d. Studying fossil remains to learn more about how the dinosaurs lived
ANS: D
MSC: New
DIF: Applied
REF: 6
OBJ: 1
16. An example of fieldwork might be:
a. an anthropologist doing detailed archival research on federal welfare programs.
b. an anthropologist spending 18 months living among the Trobrianders in the Pacific
Islands.
c. an anthropologist studying human genetic variation in a laboratory.
d. an anthropologist examining the history of language by comparing multiple written texts.
ANS: B
MSC: Pickup
DIF: Conceptual
REF: 7
OBJ: 1
17. Ethnography is:
a. a description of the structures of human languages.
b. a written description of the way of life of some human group.
c. a study fossil humans.
d. a survey and excavation of archaeological sites.
ANS: B
DIF: Conceptual
REF: 8
OBJ: 1
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MSC: Pickup
18. Which anthropological subfield is most likely to involve the study of how the elite in society use
language to protect their status?
a. Historic archaeology
b. Linguistics
c. Forensic anthropology
d. Ethnology
ANS: B
MSC: Pickup
DIF: Applied
REF: 8
OBJ: 1
REF: 9
OBJ: 2
19. Applied anthropologists work in:
a. development anthropology.
b. psychological anthropology.
c. urban anthropology.
d. symbolic anthropology.
ANS: A
MSC: New
DIF: Conceptual
20. Which of these is most likely to be studied by a medical anthropologist?
a. The relationship between language and human thought and behavior
b. The effect of the environment on the nutrition of a population
c. The daily life of a single human population
d. How to resolve cultural differences and avoid miscommunication
ANS: B
MSC: Pickup
DIF: Applied
REF: 9
OBJ: 2
21. Where do the majority of anthropologists work?
a. At universities and colleges
b. At archaeological sites
c. In some federal, state, or local governmental agency or in the private sector
d. In major corporations
ANS: C
MSC: Pickup
DIF: Factual
REF: 9
OBJ: 2
22. Developmental anthropologists have worked for all of the following except:
a. U.S. Agency for International Development.
b. The Red Cross.
c. World Bank.
d. United Nations.
ANS: B
MSC: New
DIF: Factual
REF: 9
OBJ: 2
23. Which of these is most likely to be studied by an educational anthropologist?
a. The relationship between language and human thought and behavior
b. The effect of the environment on the nutrition of a population
c. The learning styles and behavior of children from various ethnic, racial, and national
backgrounds.
d. How to resolve cultural differences and avoid miscommunication
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ANS: C
MSC: New
DIF: Applied
REF: 9
OBJ: 2
24. How individuals brought up with different cultural assumptions can minimize their ways of life, and
be sensitive to the multitude of differences between the world’s peoples is referred to as:
a. intercultural communication.
b. corporate anthropology.
c. educational communication.
d. developmental anthropology.
ANS: A
MSC: New
DIF: Conceptual
REF: 9
OBJ: 2
REF: 10
OBJ: 3
25. The focus of anthropology is:
a. human diversity.
b. human evolution.
c. tribal societies.
d. physical variation.
ANS: A
MSC: Pickup
DIF: Factual
26. An important factor that separates cultural anthropology from other disciplines that also study
humanity is:
a. that anthropologists only go to “exotic” places.
b. firsthand prolonged fieldwork.
c. the ethnocentrism of ethnographers.
d. a lack of anthropological interest in religion and art.
ANS: B
MSC: Pickup
DIF: Factual
REF: 11
OBJ: 3
27. Cultural anthropologists in the 21st Century have studied all of the following topics except:
a. the cultural significance of Elvis.
b. Canadian medical clinics.
c. the history of space travel.
d. Wall Street.
ANS: C
MSC: New
DIF: Factual
REF: 11
OBJ: 3
28. Worldwide process through which diverse peoples and nations are integrated into a single system
involving flows of technology, transportation, communications, travel, and market exchanges is called:
a. globalization.
b. transnationalism.
c. consolidation.
d. integration.
ANS: A
MSC: New
DIF: Conceptual
REF: 11
OBJ: 3
29. Which of these is not considered a distinctive feature of anthropology?
a. A quantitative approach to the study of populations
b. A holistic approach to the study of societies
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c. A comparative approach to the study of culture
d. The perspective of cultural relativism
ANS: A
MSC: Pickup
DIF: Applied
REF: 13
OBJ: 4
30. The perspective that fieldworkers must understand any particular aspect of a community’s way of life
as interrelated to other parts, within the context of the entire culture is called:
a. cultural relativism.
b. the comparative perspective.
c. the holistic perspective.
d. human variation.
ANS: C
MSC: Pickup
DIF: Conceptual
REF: 13
OBJ: 4
31. The insistence by anthropologists that valid hypotheses and theories about humanity be tested with
data from a wide range of cultures is called:
a. cultural relativism.
b. the comparative perspective.
c. the holistic perspective.
d. human variation.
ANS: C
MSC: New
DIF: Conceptual
REF: 14
OBJ: 4
32. The notion that one should not judge the behaviors or beliefs of other peoples using the standards of
one's own culture is called:
a. cultural relativism.
b. the comparative perspective.
c. the holistic perspective.
d. human variation.
ANS: A
MSC: New
DIF: Conceptual
REF: 14
OBJ: 4
33. The belief that one’s own cultural values are superior to those of another culture is called:
a. ethnocentrism.
b. cultural relativism.
c. cultural reMSC management.
d. comparativism.
ANS: A
MSC: Pickup
DIF: Conceptual
REF: 14
OBJ: 4
34. Which of these is an example of an insight from anthropology to the understanding of humanity?
a. Humans are closely related to apes.
b. Race and culture are directly linked to each other.
c. Cultural differences are natural and we should not take the time to understand them.
d. People around the world generally think, feel, and act the same.
ANS: A
MSC: Pickup
DIF: Applied
REF: 16
OBJ: 5
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35. By studying the other people who live in different circumstances, anthropologists attempt to gain new
insights on:
a. the future.
b. the past.
c. primates.
d. ourselves.
ANS: D
MSC: Pickup
DIF: Applied
REF: 16
OBJ: 5
TRUE/FALSE
1. Almost all anthropologists specialize in only one of four subfields.
ANS: T
REF: 3
MSC: New
2. African apes, such as the chimpanzees and gorillas, exhibit bipedalism.
ANS: F
REF: 3
MSC: New
3. Paleoanthropologists have said that humans migrated out of Africa almost 4 million years ago.
ANS: F
REF: 3
MSC: Pickup
4. One of the basic principles of anthropology is that throughout the world people are physically more
similar than they are different.
ANS: T
REF: 4
MSC: Pickup
5. Forensic anthropologists work for or consult with law enforcement agencies, where they analyze and
help identify human skeletal remains.
ANS: T
REF: 4
MSC: New
6. Archaeology is the anthropological subfield that studies bones.
ANS: F
REF: 4
MSC: New
7. Contract anthropology is a recent field that pertains to the practice of law.
ANS: F
REF: 6
MSC: Pickup
8. Anthropological fieldwork involves doing intensive library research without having firsthand contact
with a group of people.
ANS: F
REF: 7
MSC: New
9. An ethnography is a written account of the sound patterns of language.
ANS: F
REF: 8
MSC: Pickup
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10. The ability to communicate complex messages with great efficiency is one of the most important
capabilities of humans that makes us different from primates and other animals
ANS: T
REF: 8
MSC: New
11. Most applied anthropologists have their most extensive training in cultural anthropology.
ANS: T
REF: 9
MSC: Pickup
12. All of the subfields of anthropology share an interest in human diversity.
ANS: T
REF: 10
MSC: Pickup
13. Now that anthropologists study modernized societies more frequently, there is no real difference
between anthropology and sociology.
ANS: F
REF: 11
MSC: Pickup
14. By the turn of the twenty-first century, the process of globalization was completed.
ANS: F
REF: 11
MSC: Pickup
15. The holistic perspective refers to the principle that no culture is inherently superior or inferior to any
other.
ANS: F
REF: 13
MSC: Pickup
16. Anthropologist Marvin Harris theorized that for Hindu peasants, cows were worth more alive than
dead. This example illustrates the essence of the holistic perspective.
ANS: T
REF: 14
MSC: Pickup
17. Any claim that a general idea is valid for all people must be supported by using the comparative
approach within anthropology.
ANS: T
REF: 14
MSC: Pickup
18. The modern meaning of the term “culture,” as used in the phrase “Japanese culture,” is not very old.
ANS: T
REF: 16
MSC: Pickup
19. One of the values of anthropology is that it explains why Americans should be ethnocentric.
ANS: F
REF: 16
MSC: Pickup
20. The value that anthropology places on understanding cultural differences might help alleviate some of
the misunderstandings between different peoples throughout the world.
ANS: T
SHORT ANSWER
REF: 16
MSC: Pickup
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1. What does anthropology study as an academic discipline?
ANS:
Anthropology is the study of humankind (Homo sapiens) from a broad perspective, focusing especially
on the biological and cultural differences and similarities among populations and societies of both the
past and the present.
REF: 2
MSC: New
2. Name the four subfields of American anthropology.
ANS:
Biological/physical anthropology, archaeology, cultural anthropology, and anthropological linguistics
REF: 3
MSC: New
3. What is the study of biological anthropology?
ANS:
It is a major subfield of anthropology that studies the biological dimensions of humans.
REF: 3
MSC: New
4. What do primatologists specialize in?
ANS:
Primatologists specialize in the evolution, anatomy, adaptation, and social behavior of primates, the
taxonomic order to which humans belong.
REF: 3
MSC: New
5. What do anthropologists mean by the term human variation?
ANS:
Anatomical and physiological differences among human populations, researched primarily by
biological anthropologists.
REF: 4
MSC: New
6. What is the study of archaeology?
ANS:
It is a major subfield that studies past cultures through the excavation and analysis of artifacts and
other material remains.
REF: 4
MSC: New
7. What is the study of cultural anthropology?
ANS:
It is a major subfield of anthropology that studies the way of life of contemporary and historically
recent human populations.
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REF: 6
MSC: New
8. What does anthropological fieldwork entail?
ANS:
It entails research that involves observing and interviewing the members of a society, region, or
community to describe their contemporary way of life.
REF: 7
MSC: New
9. What is an ethnography?
ANS:
An ethnography is a written description of the way of life of some human group.
REF: 8
MSC: New
10. What is the study of anthropological linguistics?
ANS:
It is a major subfield that focuses on the interrelationships among language and other aspects of a
people’s culture.
REF: 8
MSC: New
11. What is the study of applied anthropology?
ANS:
It is the use of anthropological methods, theories, and concepts to solve practical, real-world problems;
practitioners often are employed by government agencies or private organizations.
REF: 9
MSC: New
12. What does the term globalization describe?
ANS:
The worldwide process through which diverse peoples and nations are integrated into a single system
involving flows of technology, transportation, communications, travel, and market exchanges.
REF: 11
MSC: New
13. Describe the holistic perspective.
ANS:
The assumption that any aspect of a culture is integrated with other aspects, so that every aspect of
culture must be understood in its total context.
REF: 13
MSC: New
14. Describe the comparative perspective.
ANS:
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This is the insistence by anthropologists that valid hypotheses and theories about humanity be tested
with data from a wide range of cultures
REF: 14
MSC: New
15. What do anthropologists mean by the term cultural relativism?
ANS:
This is the notion that one should not judge the behavior or beliefs of other peoples using the standards
of one’s own culture.
REF: 15
MSC: New
16. What does the term “ethnocentrism” mean?
ANS:
Ethnocentrism is the attitude or opinion that the morals, values, and customs of one’s own culture are
superior to those of other peoples.
REF: 15
MSC: New
ESSAY
1. Define the four subfields of anthropology and give an example of an area of research for each.
ANS:
Not Given
REF: 3-8
MSC: Pickup
2. Explain the difference between prehistoric archaeology and historic archaeology; give an example of a
research topic for each.
ANS:
Not Given
REF: 4-6
MSC: Pickup
3. How anthropology has changed in the last 30 to 40 years? Explain the role of globalization in this
transformation.
ANS:
Not Given
REF: 10-13
MSC: New
4. Explain the three key anthropological perspectives, and discuss how these perspectives make cultural
anthropology distinctive.
ANS:
Not Given
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REF: 13-15
MSC: New
5. Explain how the study of anthropology might contribute to a better understanding of ourselves and our
own society.
ANS:
Not Given
REF: 15-17
MSC: Pickup