* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Civilizations Become Empires
Travel in Classical antiquity wikipedia , lookup
Constitutional reforms of Sulla wikipedia , lookup
Cursus honorum wikipedia , lookup
Military of ancient Rome wikipedia , lookup
Food and dining in the Roman Empire wikipedia , lookup
Roman Republic wikipedia , lookup
Roman army of the late Republic wikipedia , lookup
Roman emperor wikipedia , lookup
Romanization of Hispania wikipedia , lookup
Education in ancient Rome wikipedia , lookup
Roman Republican governors of Gaul wikipedia , lookup
Demography of the Roman Empire wikipedia , lookup
Roman historiography wikipedia , lookup
Roman funerary practices wikipedia , lookup
Switzerland in the Roman era wikipedia , lookup
Constitutional reforms of Augustus wikipedia , lookup
Culture of ancient Rome wikipedia , lookup
Roman technology wikipedia , lookup
Roman agriculture wikipedia , lookup
Early Roman army wikipedia , lookup
Rome Redefines the Mediterranean Area A. Rome’s geographic location helped its rise to power (explain): 1. the city was founded by three groups of people who each added a unique aspect to the formation of the culture a. Latins – b. Greeks – c. Etruscans – 2. the early Roman government was a republic a. republic (define): B. The early Roman government began with people vying for power 1. Patricians – 2. Plebeians – 3. one of the problems in the early Roman republic was that laws were not written down a. the laws, and their interpretation, were left to the patricians to decide b. eventually government officials from both sides agreed that written laws must be created c. The Twelve Tablets (explain): 1 C. Eventually the Roman government became more organized Position Responsibility Consul Senate Assembly D. Along with Rome’s stable government, Rome also created a strong military 1. all citizens who owned land were required to serve in the military 2. requirement of all those seeking public office (explain): 3. with the help of their powerful military, Rome began to expand 4. their policy towards conquered people allowed Rome to grow (explain): E. Eventually Rome’s expansion brought them into direct contact with Carthage 1. the two groups battled in what became known as the Punic Wars 2. location of Cartage (explain): 3. the first Punic War ended with a Roman victory – Rome gained Sicily 2 F. The Second Punic War saw the rise of one of the greatest military minds in history 1. Carthage’s leader was Hannibal a. he wanted revenge against Rome for Carthage’s defeat in the First Punic War 2. Hannibal’s plan for attack (explain): 3. what Hannibal took with him on his invasion (explain): 4. for years, Hannibal wreaked havoc on the Italian peninsula 5. finally the Italian commander, Scipio, devised a plan (explain): 6. Rome won the Second Punic War and in the Third Punic War laid siege to Carthage a. they sold 50,000 inhabitants into slavery and took full control of the city 7. Rome expanded to include all of the western Mediterranean Sea G. The Roman Republic experienced problems with the growing size 1. there was a growing gap between the rich and poor 2. small farmers could not compete with the larger and wealthier farmers 3. what was happening with the military (explain): H. Out of this chaos emerged Julius Caesar 1. how he rose to power (explain): 3 2. he was a member of what became known as the First Triumvirate a. Julius Caesar, Pompey (a general), and Crassus (wealthy Roman) 3. as Caesar was building his power in Gaul (France), the other members, especially Pompey, become jealous 4. what happened next (explain): 5. in 44 B.C., Caesar was named “dictator for life” I. Caesar realized that if he was going to retain power, he needed the help of the “common people”. He made sweeping reforms in the Empire Reform Grant citizenship to conquered people Increase the number of Senators Create new public buildings Increased pay for soldiers Desired outcome J. The one group that remained hesitant of Caesar’s growing power was the Senate 1. they feared losing their own power 2. “The Ides of March” (explain): K. After Caesar’s assassination, Rome fell into Civil War 1. eventually it was Caesar’s grandnephew – Octavian – who emerged as ruler 4 a. he defeated his main rival Marc Antony at the Battle of Actium 2. the significance of Octavian’s victory (explain): L. The stability that Octavian began continued for the next 207 years in what became known as the “Pax Romana” – Roman Peace 1. signs of their impressive size and power (explain): 2. in order to have such long lasting prosperity, there had to be a stable government system a. what was created (explain): 3. the empire created an elaborate road system and traded with people throughout the world a. which “C” and why (explain): M. The prosperity of the Pax Romana brought significant changes to Roman society 1. there was a vast different in classes a. what the wealthy would enjoy (explain): b. the poor crowded the cities and countryside c. what the government provided the poor (explain): 5 2. aside from food, the government also provided entertainment a. at the height of the Pax Romana, there were 150 holidays a year 3. on many of these holidays the people would pack the Colosseum a. what they saw (explain): N. A new religion soon emerged during the Pax Romana – Christianity 1. the faith grew from followers of Jesus who believed he was the “Messiah” or “Savior” 2. who Jesus appealed to (explain): 3. because Christians refused to worship Roman gods they were often persecuted 4. one reason the Christian faith grew so powerful at this time was the belief that as the Roman Empire began to crumble, the “powerless” would be saved O. After two centuries of peace and prosperity in the Pax Romana – the power of the Roman Empire began to decline Reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire (beginning in 180) 1. Rome’s economy struggles (explain): a. the problem of inflation (explain): 2. military crumbles (explain): 6 P. Two leaders made sweeping changes that helped keep the Empire “afloat” for another 200 years 1. Diocletian was a powerful ruler during Rome’s decline 2. he ruled with an “iron fist” and made a bold move (explain): 3. Constantine followed Diocletian by emerging from a group vying for power a. Constantine was the ruler of the “western” part of the empire (the less powerful and wealthy of the two sides) b. his move that signaled the end of the “Western Roman Empire” (explain): Q. The Western Roman Empire finally fell as a result of invasions by various groups 1. to the north had always existed Germanic invaders 2. eventually a group from Asia, named the Huns, entered Northern Europe and began a chain-reaction (explain): 3. in 410, the city of Rome was sacked by Germanic invaders 4. the last Roman Emperor was removed in 476 and the “Empire was no more” R. The Roman Empire had far reaching effects that are still felt today 1. their language, Latin, became the basis for the Romanic languages a. Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese 2. they were excellent builders a. aqueducts (explain): 7 b. some of the roads they built are still in use today 3. perhaps one of the greatest achievements is the Roman law a. their law was based on the premise that everyone was equal under the law, so there were certain characteristics that laws must obey 1. everyone was equal under the law 2. you were innocent until proven guilty (significance): As the Roman Empire fell in the west, the east transformed and continued as the powerful - Byzantine Empire S. in the 500’s Justinian emerged as a Byzantine emperor 1. how he bolstered his power (explain): 2. now that he had reunited the “west” and the “east” a new system of laws was needed (why): 3. The Justinian Code a. these laws decided everything in life – marriage, property, inheritance b. it showed again that religion and government were the same 8 T. Justinian also went about physically rebuilding the empire 1. he had a 14 mile wall built around Constantinople 2. Hagia Sophia (explain): 3. Hippodrome (explain): 3. Justinian also realized that the best empire was a “literate” empire a. what Byzantine schools focused on (explain): 4. historians point to the work of Byzantine scholars in helping to preserve much of the accomplishments made during the time of the Greeks and Romans 9