Download AHSGE Project Objectives

AHSGE Project Objectives
1a. Describe the appearance and use of appropriate laboratory glassware for conducting
experiments. Include: graduated cylinder, beaker, flask, test tube, microscope slide, pipette, and
Petri dish.
1b. Describe the appearance and use of appropriate measuring equipment for conducting
experiments. Include: balance, and stopwatch.
1c. Describe the appearance and use of appropriate optical instruments for conducting
experiments. Include: compound microscope, electron microscope, and magnifying glass.
1d. Describe the steps of the scientific method.
1e. Explain the term "control" as it relates to experiments. Give examples.
1f. Compare the terms "dependent variables" and "independent variables" as they relate to
experiments. Give examples.
1g. Identify safe laboratory procedures. Include the use of chemicals, flame, and glassware.
1h. Describe and use appropriate SI units for measuring length, volume, and mass.
2a. Explain homeostasis as it relates to cells. Give examples.
2b. Compare and contrast active transport with passive transport. Give examples of each.
2c. Define and give examples of: diffusion, osmosis, exocytosis, and endocytosis.
2d. Identify the functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in cellular activities.
2e. Compare the reactions of cells in hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions. Include
definitions of these terms as well as what would happen to cells placed in these solutions.
2f. Explain how surface area, cell size, temperature, light, and pH affect cellular activities.
2g. Define "turgor pressure" and describe how it applies to plants and animals.
3a. Identify the chemical formula for photosynthesis. Be sure to explain all symbols. Also identify
the function of photosynthesis.
3b. Identify the chemical formula for cellular respiration. Be sure to explain all symbols. Also
identify the function of cellular respiration.
3c. Identify the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
4a. Describe the similarities and differences in cell organelles using tables and diagrams.
4b. Explain cell theory and identify the scientists who contributed to this theory.
4c. Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
5a. Explain the relationships between: cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms,
populations, communities, ecosystems, and the biosphere.
5b. Explain cell differentiation as it relates to the specific functions of cells.
6a. Identify and describe the four stages of mitosis.
6b. Describe the function of mitosis as it relates to the reproduction, growth, and repair of cells.
6c. Identify and describe the eight stages of meiosis.
6d. Describe the function of meiosis as it relates to reproduction. Be sure to include how meiosis
ensures variation within a population.
6e. Compare sexual and asexual reproduction.
6f. Compare and contrast the terms "haploid" and "diploid".
7a. Explain Mendel's Law of Segregation.
7b. Explain Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment.
7c. Define the terms "gene" and "allele"; explain how they relate to each other.
7d. Define and then compare and contrast a "monohybrid cross" and a "dihybrid cross".
7e. Define and then compare and contrast "genotype" and "phenotype". Explain their relationship
to each other.
7f. Define and then compare and contrast "homozygous" and "heterozygous". Explain how these
relate to genotype and phenotype.
7g. Define and then compare and contrast "dominant allele" and "recessive allele". Explain the
roles they play in determining the phenotypes of offspring.
7h. Define and then compare and contrast "incomplete dominance" and "codominance".
7i. Use Punnett squares to determine genotypic and phenotypic ratios (percentages).
7j. Interpret inheritance patterns in a family using a pedigree.
8a. Identify the structure and function of DNA.
8b. Identify the structure and function of RNA.
8c. Describe the base pairing rules for DNA and for RNA.
8d. Identify the structure and function of protein.
8e. Describe the stages of protein synthesis; include the three types of RNA. Be sure to compare
the roles of DNA and RNA.
8f. Explain the relationship among DNA, genes, and chromosomes.
8g. Explain the term "crossing over" and how it relates to genetic variation.
8h. List significant contributions of biotechnology (genetic engineering) to society; include
examples of both agricultural and medical benefits.
8i. Define the term "mutation"; list and describe different types of mutations. Include the positive
and negative affects of mutations.
8j. Describe the cause and effects of various genetic disorders; include Cystic fibrosis, Down
syndrome, Tay-Sachs disease, sickle cell anemia, phenylketonuria, hemophilia, and color
blindness.
9a. Explain taxonomic classification.
9b. Sequence taxa from most inclusive to least inclusive.
9c. Explain the correct use of scientific names using binomial nomenclature.
9d. Explain the difference between the previous five-kingdom and current six-kingdom
classification systems.
9e. Explain the use of a dichotomous key to identify organisms. [End first part of #9]
9f. [Begin second part of # 9] Explain why viruses are not considered to be living.
9g. Identify the benefits and harms of organisms in Kingdom Monera.
9h. Identify the benefits and harms of organisms in Kingdom Protista.
9i. Identify the benefits and harms of organisms in Kingdom Fungi.
10a. Describe the structures of nonvascular plants.
10b. Describe the structures of vascular plants.
10c. Explain the difference between vascular and nonvascular plants.
10d. Describe the histology of roots.
10e. Describe the histology of stems.
10f. Describe the histology of leaves.
10g. Compare and contrast gymnosperms and angiosperms.
10h. Describe the histology of flowers.
10i. Compare and contrast monocots and dicots.
11a. Compare and contrast endoskeleton and exoskeleton.
11b. Compare and contrast external fertilization and internal fertilization.
11c. Identify 3 types of body symmetry; give examples of each.
11d. Differentiate vertebrates and invertebrates; give examples of each.
11e. Describe 5 types of body coverings; give examples of each.
11f. Describe at least 5 different means of locomotion exhibited by animals.
11g. Describe the key characteristics for animal phylum Porifera.
11h. Describe the key characteristics for animal phylum Cnidaria.
11i. Describe the key characteristics for animal phylum Platyhelminthes.
11j. Describe the key characteristics for animal phylum Nematoda.
11k. Describe the key characteristics for animal phylum Mollusca.
11l. Describe the key characteristics for animal phylum Annelida.
11m. Describe the key characteristics for animal phylum Arthropoda.
11n. Describe the key characteristics for animal phylum Echinodermata.
11o. Describe the key characteristics for animal phylum Chordata.
11p. Describe the key characteristics for vertebrate class Myxini.
11q. Describe the key characteristics for vertebrate class Cephalospidomorphi.
11r. Describe the key characteristics for vertebrate class Chondrichthyes.
11s. Describe the key characteristics for vertebrate class Actinopterygii.
11t. Describe the key characteristics for vertebrate class Sarcopterygii.
11u. Describe the key characteristics for vertebrate class Amphibia.
11v. Describe the key characteristics for vertebrate class Reptilia.
11w. Describe the key characteristics for vertebrate class Aves.
11x. Describe the key characteristics for vertebrate class Mammalia.
12a. Define and give examples of mimicry.
12b. Define and give examples of camouflage.
12c. Define and give examples of migration.
12d. Define and give examples of hibernation.
12e. Distinguish between different beak types and identify what each type is used for.
13a. Name and describe 5 different trophic levels.
13b. Define and describe a food chain; give an example.
13c. Define and describe a food web; give an example.
13d. Define and describe an energy pyramid; give an example.
14a. Define biogeochemical cycle; describe 4 examples.
14b. Describe all the events of the water cycle.
14c. Describe all the events of the carbon cycle.
14d. Describe all the events of the oxygen cycle.
14e. Describe all the events of the nitrogen cycle.
15a. Identify the following land biome by listing its key abiotic and biotic factors: tundra.
15b. Identify the following land biome by listing its key abiotic and biotic factors: taiga.
15c. Identify the following land biome by listing its key abiotic and biotic factors: temperate
deciduous forest.
15d. Identify the following land biome by listing its key abiotic and biotic factors: desert.
15e. Identify the following land biome by listing its key abiotic and biotic factors: temperate
grassland.
15f. Identify the following land biome by listing its key abiotic and biotic factors: temperate
evergreen forest.
15g. Identify the following land biome by listing its key abiotic and biotic factors: savanna.
15h. Identify the following land biome by listing its key abiotic and biotic factors: tropical
rainforest.
15i. Identify the following aquatic biome by listing its key abiotic and biotic factors: freshwater.
15j. Identify the following aquatic biome by listing its key abiotic and biotic factors: estuary.
15k. Identify the following aquatic biome by listing its key abiotic and biotic factors: marine.
16a.Compare and contrast density dependent and density independent limiting factors; give
examples of each.
16b. Compare and contrast primary succession and secondary succession; give examples of
each.
16c. Define symbiosis; describe 3 types of symbiosis; give examples of each.