Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Name __________________ Earth Science Exam I 1. The study of Earth's atmosphere is known as ________. A) astronomy B) oceanography C) meteorology D) cosmology 2. The ________ refers to the sum total of all life on Earth. A) hydrosphere B) atmosphere C) biosphere D) asthenosphere 3. The ________ is the thinnest layer of the Earth. A) crust B) outer core C) mantle D) inner core 4. A(n) ________ system is one in which energy moves freely in and out, but no matter enters or leaves the system. A) closed B) open C) feedback D) equilibrated 5. What is the source of the energy that powers the Earth system? A) the Sun B) heat from Earth's interior C) both A and B D) none of the above 6. Which of the following is NOT a fundamental particle found in atoms? A) neutron B) selectron C) electron D) protons 7. Atoms of the same element, zinc for example, have the same number of ________. A) electrons in the nucleus C) neutrons in the outer nuclear shell B) protons in the nucleus D) electrons in the valence bond level 8. What mineral is the hardest known substance in nature? A) silicate B) native gold C) diamond D) muscovite 11. The resistance of a mineral to abrasion is known as ________. A) luster B) cleavage C) streak D) hardness 9. What element is the most abundant in the Earth's crust? A) carbon B) chlorine C) oxygen D) sodium 10. The strong tendency of certain minerals to break along smooth, parallel planes is known as_. A) streak B) cleavage C) cracking luster D) habit 11. Which one of the following is NOT true for minerals? A) They have a specific, internal, crystalline structure. B) They can be a liquid, solid, or glass. C) Many have a specific, predictable chemical composition. D) They can be identified by characteristic physical properties. 12. Which the following denotes the positively charged particles in an atom's nucleus? A) protons B) electrons C) isotrons D) neutrons 13. Which of the following describes the light reflecting and transmission characteristics of a mineral? A) luster B) color streak C) virtual absorption D) fluorescence 14. A naturally occurring concentration of one or more metallic minerals that can be extracted economically is a(n) ________. A) reserve B) ore C) resource D) tailing 15. As the rate of cooling increases, the size of the crystals that form ________. A) increases B) decreases C) is not affected D) none of these 16. ) Intrusive rocks ________. A) are generally fine-grained B) form at Earth's surface C) are quite often made of fossils D) none of the above 17. Rocks that contain crystals that are roughly equal in size and can be identified with the unaided eye are said to exhibit a ________ texture. A) fine-grained B) glassy C) coarse-grained D) porphyritic 18. This igneous texture is characterized by two distinctively different crystal sizes. (large and small crystals). A) fine-grained B) glassy C) coarse-grained D) porphyritic 19. Igneous rock is formed ________. A) by the weathering of preexisting rocks B) by changes in mineral composition C) by crystallization of magma 20. Chemical weathering would be most effective ________. A) in a warm, dry climate B) in a cold, dry climate C) in a warm, humid climate 21. Which of these factors influence the type and rate of weathering? A) mineral content B) climate C) topography D) all of these 22. Sedimentary rocks ________. A) may contain fossils B) hold important clues to Earth's history C) may be economically important D) all of the above 23. Detrital sedimentary rocks are classified primarily on the basis of ________. A) color B) type of bedding C) composition D) particle size 24. Metamorphism may result from ________. A) heat B) pressure C) chemical action D) all of these 25. ________ is a planar, parallel alignment of different mineral bands in a metamorphic rock. A) Rock cleavage B) Foliation C) Stress streaking D) Marbleizing 26. The agents of metamorphism are ________. A) uplifting and folding C) contact and regional deformation B) foliation and deposition D) heat, pressure, and chemical fluids 27. All of the following are factors that affect rates of weathering except for ________. A) rock characteristics B) surface area C) climate D) geologic age of earth materials 28. Which one of the following is an important, mechanical weathering process for enlarging fractures and extending them deeper into large boulders and bedrock? A) oxidation B) eluviation C) hydrologic cycling D) frost wedging 29. Which one of the following statements best describes erosion? A) disintegration and decomposition of rocks and minerals at the surface B) movement of weathered rock and regolith toward the base of a slope C) the process by which weathered rock and mineral particles are removed from one area and transported elsewhere D) the combined processes of leaching, eluviation, and mass wasting 30. Which term best describes those processes that move weathered rock materials and soils downslope? A) podzolization B) slope sheeting C) mass wasting D) talus transfer 31. Assume that water filling a crack in a rock undergoes cycles of freezing and melting. Which of the following statement is true? A) Water expands as it melts, causing the crack walls to be pushed apart. B) Water shrinks as it freezes, causing the crack walls to be drawn closer together. C) Water expands as it freezes, causing the crack walls to be pushed apart. D) Water shrinks as it melts, causing the crack walls to be pulled closer together. 32. From the land surface downward, which of the following is the correct order of the different soil horizons? A) O, A, E, B) A, B, C, C) E, A, O D) A, E, O 33. The release of water vapor to the atmosphere by plants is called ________. A) evaporation B) degassing C) transpiration D) infiltration 34. Which of the following is NOT part of the water cycle? A) water evaporating from a lake B) water infiltrating into the soil and bedrock C) calcium carbonate dissolving in soil water and groundwater D) water moving into creeks and streams following a rainstorm 35. Which one of the following factors does NOT influence stream velocity? A) channel size and shape B) discharge C) gradient 36. If you were to examine the profile of a typical river, you would probably find that the gradient is ________. A) steepest near the mouth C) the same at both the head and mouth B) steepest near the head D) none of these 37. ________ describes the total sediment load transported by a stream. A) Capacity B) Discharge C) Competence D) Hydro-load factor 38. The suspended load of a stream ________. A) is found on the bottom of the stream C) moves along the bottom B) is dissolved in the water D) usually consists of fine particles 39. Which of the following features characterize meandering streams and valleys? A) natural levees; broad floodplains C) waterfalls; entrenched meanders B) rapids; channel bed potholes D) V-shaped valley cross sections 40. As stream discharge increases ________. A) velocity, width, and depth increase C) velocity, width, and depth decrease B) only velocity increases D) only depth increases 41. The single most important erosional agent is ________. A) running water B) wind C) ice D) waves Name ____________________ Earth Science Exam I 1. __________ 26. __________ 2. __________ 27. __________ 3. __________ 28. __________ 4. __________ 29. __________ 5. __________ 30. __________ 6. __________ 31. __________ 7. __________ 32. __________ 8. __________ 33. __________ 11. __________ 34. __________ 9. __________ 35. __________ 10. __________ 36. __________ 11. __________ 37. __________ 12. __________ 38. __________ 13. __________ 39. __________ 14. __________ 40. __________ 15. __________ 41. __________ 16. __________ 17. __________ 18. __________ 19. __________ 20. __________ 21. __________ 22. __________ 23. __________ 24. __________ 25. __________