Download Name Date Ch 34 Circulation and Gas Exchange – Biology in Focus

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Ch 34 Circulation and Gas Exchange – Biology in Focus
Concept 34.1 Circulatory systems link exchange surfaces with cells throughout the body
1. What is a gastrovascular cavity?
2. Explain the difference between an open and closed circulatory system and give an example of
each.
3. Define the following:
a. arteries
b. capillaries
c. veins
d. atria
e. ventricles
4. Explain the difference between single and double circulation and give an example of each.
5. Explain three ways organisms have evolved a double circulation system.
Concept 34.2 Coordinated cycles of heart contraction drive double circulation in mammals
6. Using the diagram below, explain how blood travels through the heart and body.
7. What is a cardiac cycle?
8. Define systole and diastole
9. What is the purpose of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves?
10. What is a heart murmur? Is it dangerous?
11. Using the following diagram, explain how the heart controls the rhythm.
Concept 34.3 Patterns of blood pressure and flow reflect the structure and arrangement of blood
vessels.
12. Explain the difference in structure between veins and arteries.
13. What is blood pressure? How is maintained?
14. How is blood flow through the capillaries regulated?
15. What is the job of the lymphatic system? How does it function?
Concept 34.4 Blood components function in exchange, transport, and defense.
16. Plasma is _____% of the blood, while Cellular elements make up ____ % of blood.
17. List the constituents found in plasma.
18. What are considered cellular elements?
19. Using the diagram below, describe the clotting process.
20. Explain the difference between low-density lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins.
21. Explain what happens in the following:
a. heart attack
b. stroke
c. hypertension
Concept 34.5 Gas Exchange occurs across specialized respiratory surfaces.
22. A gas always undergoes net diffusion from a region of ___________ partial pressure to a region of
___________ partial pressure.
23. How much oxygen from the atmosphere do humans inhale? _____________________
24. Does water hold more or less oxygen than air? ______________
25. As temperature and salinity increases, dissolved oxygen ____________________.
26. Explain how gas exchange is done in the following organisms.
a. sponges, cnidarians and flatworms
b. earthworms and amphibians
c. fish
d. Insects
e. Mammals
27. What is the purpose of surfactant in the lungs?
Concept 34.6 Breathing ventilates the lungs
28. Using the following diagram, label and explain negative pressure breathing.
29. Label the diagram below and explain how breathing is controlled.
Concept 34.7 Adaptations for gas exchange include pigments that bind and transport gases.
30. What is the purpose of respiratory pigments? What respiratory pigment do vertebrates use?
31. Explain how cooperativity works in hemoglobin.
32. How is CO2 carried in the blood?
33. How have diving mammals adapted to swimming underwater for long periods of time.