Download Study Guide

General Zoology –Biology 2154
Study Guide 3
Chapter 21: Digestive System
 Know the 4 stages of food processing
 Identify animals based on their diet and ingestion methods
 Explain how the epiglottis protects us from choking
 Compare and contrast the different types of digestive systems
Chapter 22: Gas Exchange


Understand the relationship between gas exchange and cellular respiration
Recognize the requirements of respiratory surfaces and respiratory mediums
o Compare and contrast water and air as respiratory mediums
 Explain and diagram countercurrent exchange
 Explain as well as compare and contrast the different types of gas exchange seen in animals
(gills, skin, trachea, and lungs
o Understand the variations seen in the vertebrate lung
 Describe the processes involved in the respiratory cycle
 Trace the path of air into and out of the mammalian respiratory system, including all structures
discussed in class
 Understand the basic respiratory disruptions discussed in class
 Explain pressure gradients within the body and be able to explain why the partial pressures of
gases vary throughout the body
 Explain the brains role in breathing
o Know relationship between breathing and concentration of CO2
 Explain how a baby takes its first breath
 Explain, in general terms, what respiratory pigments are and why they are important
o Understand why iron levels are important for pregnant women
Chapter 23: Circulation






Explain the reason for the coordination between the digestive, respiratory, and circulatory
systems
Explain the gastrovascular cavity ‘s role in distribution of substances throughout the body
Explain an open circulatory system and how substances are distributed throughout the body
Explain a closed circulatory system and why they are more advanced than other systems
Be able to discuss the different types of vertebrate circulatory systems covered in class
o Compare and contrast chambers, cycles of circulation, and energy needs between the 4
classes and how each is better suited for its environment
Be able to trace the flow of blood from a human heart through 1 complete cycle of circulation
o Including any structures discussed in class




In general, discuss the importance of pacemaker cells and explain how they set up the cardiac
cycle
Distinguish between veins and arteries
o Know the 3 possible layers that surround blood vessels and which vessels have which
Compare and contrast arteries/arterioles with venules/veins
o Include diameter, pressure, wall thickness, and valves
Explain how gravity plays a role in the circulation of blood
o Be able to discuss examples such as fainting, raising wounds, cankles, or rubber mats