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Name _____________________________
Period _______ Ch. 42: Circulation & Gas Exchange
CIRCULATION
1. Why are diffusion and active transport insufficient for the transport of materials in multicellular
animals?
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2. Circulation in cnidarians consists of _______________________________________________
3. Compare the circulatory systems of higher animals. Who has what?
a. Open
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b. Closed
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4. What is the adaptive benefit of the four-chambered heart?
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5. Answer the following regarding the structure of the human heart:
a. Which side is oxygen rich/ oxygen poor?
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b. Which chambers create blood pressure in the arteries? ___________________________
c. What causes heart sounds? ________________________________________________
6. Label the diagram of the heart:
Name _____________________________
Period _______ Ch. 42: Circulation & Gas Exchange
7. How is the heart rate regulated?
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8. Compare the structure and function of each vessel:
a. Artery _________________________________________________________________
b. Vein __________________________________________________________________
c. Capillary ______________________________________________________________
9. What happens to blood pressure and velocity as blood flows through:
a. Arteries _______________________________________________________________
b. Capillaries _____________________________________________________________
c. Veins _________________________________________________________________
10. How do precapillary sphincters help regulate blood pressure and body temperature?
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11. How does osmosis determine the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial fluid?
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12. Briefly describe the components of the blood:
a. Plasma ________________________________________________________________
b. Erythrocytes____________________________________________________________
c. Leukocytes _____________________________________________________________
d. Platelets _______________________________________________________________
13. What is the cause of these cardiovascular diseases?
a. Stroke _________________________________________________________________
b. Heart attack ____________________________________________________________
c. Atherosclerosis _________________________________________________________
d. Arteriosclerosis _________________________________________________________
e. Hypertension ___________________________________________________________
14. Describe in detail the path of blood through the circulatory system.
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Name _____________________________
Period _______ Ch. 42: Circulation & Gas Exchange
GAS EXCHANGE
1. Describe the relationship of the respiratory surface and the transport system.
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2. What are three characteristics of a respiratory surface?
a. ______________________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________________________
3. Why do terrestrial animals have internal respiratory surfaces?
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4. Describe the countercurrent exchange in fish gills.
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5. How is countercurrent exchange adaptive?
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6. How are lungs adaptive for gas exchange?
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7. Label the diagram of the human respiratory system
Name _____________________________
Period _______ Ch. 42: Circulation & Gas Exchange
8. What is the role of the alveoli?
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9. Describe how breathing is regulated. Include the role of each of the following:
a. Medulla _______________________________________________________________
b. pH ___________________________________________________________________
c. Carotid arteries _________________________________________________________
d. Aorta _________________________________________________________________
e. Diaphragm _____________________________________________________________
10. How does red blood cell structure relate to function?
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11. Describe the adaptive functions of the following
a. Hemoglobin
b. Bohr shift
12. How is carbon dioxide that is produced in body cells transported in the blood and released into
the alveoli?
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