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* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Name _____________________________ Period _______ Ch. 42: Circulation & Gas Exchange CIRCULATION 1. Why are diffusion and active transport insufficient for the transport of materials in multicellular animals? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Circulation in cnidarians consists of _______________________________________________ 3. Compare the circulatory systems of higher animals. Who has what? a. Open ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ b. Closed ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 4. What is the adaptive benefit of the four-chambered heart? ____________________________________________________________________________ 5. Answer the following regarding the structure of the human heart: a. Which side is oxygen rich/ oxygen poor? ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ b. Which chambers create blood pressure in the arteries? ___________________________ c. What causes heart sounds? ________________________________________________ 6. Label the diagram of the heart: Name _____________________________ Period _______ Ch. 42: Circulation & Gas Exchange 7. How is the heart rate regulated? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 8. Compare the structure and function of each vessel: a. Artery _________________________________________________________________ b. Vein __________________________________________________________________ c. Capillary ______________________________________________________________ 9. What happens to blood pressure and velocity as blood flows through: a. Arteries _______________________________________________________________ b. Capillaries _____________________________________________________________ c. Veins _________________________________________________________________ 10. How do precapillary sphincters help regulate blood pressure and body temperature? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 11. How does osmosis determine the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial fluid? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 12. Briefly describe the components of the blood: a. Plasma ________________________________________________________________ b. Erythrocytes____________________________________________________________ c. Leukocytes _____________________________________________________________ d. Platelets _______________________________________________________________ 13. What is the cause of these cardiovascular diseases? a. Stroke _________________________________________________________________ b. Heart attack ____________________________________________________________ c. Atherosclerosis _________________________________________________________ d. Arteriosclerosis _________________________________________________________ e. Hypertension ___________________________________________________________ 14. Describe in detail the path of blood through the circulatory system. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Name _____________________________ Period _______ Ch. 42: Circulation & Gas Exchange GAS EXCHANGE 1. Describe the relationship of the respiratory surface and the transport system. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. What are three characteristics of a respiratory surface? a. ______________________________________________________________________ b. ______________________________________________________________________ c. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. Why do terrestrial animals have internal respiratory surfaces? ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. Describe the countercurrent exchange in fish gills. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 5. How is countercurrent exchange adaptive? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 6. How are lungs adaptive for gas exchange? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 7. Label the diagram of the human respiratory system Name _____________________________ Period _______ Ch. 42: Circulation & Gas Exchange 8. What is the role of the alveoli? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 9. Describe how breathing is regulated. Include the role of each of the following: a. Medulla _______________________________________________________________ b. pH ___________________________________________________________________ c. Carotid arteries _________________________________________________________ d. Aorta _________________________________________________________________ e. Diaphragm _____________________________________________________________ 10. How does red blood cell structure relate to function? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 11. Describe the adaptive functions of the following a. Hemoglobin b. Bohr shift 12. How is carbon dioxide that is produced in body cells transported in the blood and released into the alveoli? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________