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Medicines by Design.
Key Words
ACE
Acylation
Addition
Agonist
Aldehyde
Alkylation
Antagonist
Carbocation
Chiral centre
Condensation
Coupling reaction
Dehydration
Angiotensin-converting enzyme.
The introduction of an acyl group, RCO-, using an acyl
chloride.
Typical of alcohols, amines, ammonia and arenes.
The addition of atoms or groups of atoms across a double
bond.
Typical of alkenes, aldehydes and ketones.
Contains the pharmacophore and induces a change in the
receptor site. Not produced by the body.
Has the carbonyl group, C=O, on the end of the carbon
chain.
The introduction of an alkyl group, R, using a
chloroalkane.
Typical of arenes.
Neither contains the pharmacophore nor induces a
change in the receptor site. Not produced by the body.
An organic molecule containing a carbon atom with a +
charge.
Intermediates in the electrophilic addition reactions of
alkenes.
A carbon atom with 4 different atoms or groups of
atoms attached.
A reaction in which two molecules join together and a
small molecule such as H2O or HCl is eliminated.
An example is the formation of an ester.
The reaction between a diazonium ion and another
aromatic compound to form an azo compound, R-N=N-R’
Used to make azo dyes.
A term sometimes used to describe the elimination of a
water molecule from an alcohol to form an alkene.
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Diazotisation
Drug
Electrophile
Electrophilic
addition
Electrophilic
substitution
Elimination
Esterification
Fehlings solution
Friedel Crafts
acylation
Friedel Crafts
alkylation
Gas liquid
chromatography
(glc)
Hydrogenation
Hydrolysis
Infra red
spectroscopy
The formation of a diazonium salt from an aromatic
amine.
 A substance which alters the way the body works.
 Positive ion or molecule with +
 Attracted to an electron rich centre
Accepts a pair of electrons to make a dative covalent
bond.
Typical of alkenes.
Typical of arenes since delocalisation is retained.
The loss of atoms or groups of atoms to produce an
unsaturated compound.
Typical of 1ry and 2ry alcohols.
A reaction in which an ester is formed from an alcohol
and a carboxylic acid.
Gives an orange brown precipitate with an aldehyde but
not a ketone.
The introduction of an acyl group, RCO-, into a benzene
ring.
Named after it’s discoverers.
The introduction of an alkyl group into a benzene ring.
Named after it’s discoverers.
Used to detect compounds in a mixture and to work out
the relative amounts of each.
The addition of hydrogen atoms across a C=C.
A bond breaking reaction involving water, often catalysed
by dilute acid or alkali. Typical of esters, amides and
nitriles (R-CN).
Used to identify the bonds in a molecule.
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Ketones
Lead compound
Mass spectroscopy
Medicine
Molecular
recognition
Neuron
Neurotransmitter
Nuclear magnetic
resonance
spectroscopy (nmr)
Nucleophile
Nucleophilic
addition
Nucleophilic
substitution
Oxidation
Have the carbonyl group, C=O, in the middle of the
carbon chain.
A compound which provides a lead when starting to
design a new medicine.
Used to identify fragments of a molecule.
A drug which has a beneficial effect.
When a pharmacophore fits precisely into the receptor
and functional groups are correctly positioned to
interact.
A nerve cell.
Contains pharmacophore and induces change in the
receptor site.
Produced by the body.
Used to identify the number of hydrogen atoms and
their environment in a compound.
 A negative ion or a molecule with a lone pair of
electrons
 Attracted to a positive/electron deficient centre
 Donates a pair of electrons to form a dative covalent
bond.
Typical of aldehydes and ketones.
Typical of halogenoalkanes.
 Gain of oxygen
 Loss of electrons
 Loss of hydrogen
 Increase in oxidation number
Typical of 1ry alcohols, 2ry alcohols and aldehydes.
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Pharmacophore
Radical
Radical substitution
Receptor site
Reduction
Rf value
Synapse
Zwitterion
A group of atoms which make a molecule
pharmacologically active.
Atom or molecule with an unpaired electron. These are
very reactive.
Typical of alkanes.
A neurotransmitter crosses a synapse and fits into a
receptor site.
 Loss of oxygen
 Gain of electrons
 Gain of hydrogen
 Decrease in oxidation number
Typical of alkenes, aldehydes and ketones.
Can be used to identify spots on a chromatogram.
Rf = distance travelled by spot / distance travelled by
solvent.
The connection between neurons.
A particle containing both negatively and positively
charged groups. E.g. amino acids in solution.
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