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It is the student's responsibility to learn the following objectives: Biology 112 Lab Objectives Lab quiz # 1 Spelling counts on all lab quizzes. You are responsible for all objectives listed including assigned lab manual exercises and questions from lab reports. Vertebral(spinal) Organs – identify/ place in cavity heart lungs brain trachea esophagus stomach pancreas spleen small intestines ovary/testes urinary bladder Membranes Chapter Two – Body Organization and Terminology Fig. 2.1 p.10 Fig. 2.2 p.11 Fig. 2.5 p. 13 Fig. 2.6 p. 14 Fig. 2.7 pp. 15-16 Lab Report #2 pp.17-20 parts A,B,C, D,E, F and G Using models learn the following anatomical terms. Directional Terminology: Superior/Inferior Anterior/Posterior Medial/Lateral Proximal/Distal Superficial/Deep Body cavities Thoracic Abdominal Pelvic Cranial parietal pericardium visceral pericardium parietal pleura visceral pleura parietal peritoneum visceral peritoneum Planes Frontal(coronal) Sagittal Transverse Abdominal quadrants ( models) and know nine abdominal regions (see Fig. 2.6) – RUQ LUQ RLQ LLQ Body regions Cephalic Cervical Sternal Axillary Acromial Brachial Antebrachial Cubital Antecubital Palmar Umbilical Lumbar Sacral Gluteal Femoral Patellar Popliteal Plantar Exercise 3 – The Microscope Read lab exercises; then complete lab report # 3, pp. 39-40 parts A and D. Know following parts of the microscope and their functions. Ocular lens Arm Rotating nosepiece Objective lenses Stage Stage clips Mechanical stage control Fine focus Coarse focus Light control Condenser Iris diaphragm lever Be able to determine why a slide is not viewable Be able to describe the proper way to carry a microscope Be able to describe proper way to store a microscope Exercise 4 – Cell Structure and Function Fig. 5.1 p. 42 Fig. 5.2 p. 43 Lab report #5 p. 45 part A, B C and D Use cell model to learn structures and functions of following cellular organelles Plasma (cell) membrane Nucleus Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Chromatin Golgi apparatus Rough ER Smooth ER Mitochondria Lysosome Centrioles Ribosomes Exercise 6 – Movements through membranes Perform lab procedure A. p.48 Perform lab procedure B. 48 Perform lab procedure C p. 49 Lab report #6 pp. 51-52 parts A, B & C Be able to define: Diffusion Osmosis Filtration Define the following and describe what happens to a cell placed in each solution. Hypertonic solutions Hypotonic solutions Isotonic solutions Lab Quiz #2 Spelling counts on lab quizzes. You are responsible for all objectives listed including lab exercises and lab report questions. Exercise 7 – The Cell Cycle Fig. 7.2 p. 57 Lab report # 7 pp. 59-62 parts A, B, C, D and E Using photographs, models and whitefish blastula slides, be able to identify the following stage in the life cycle of the cell. Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Stratified squamous - skin Simple squamous - lungs Simple columnar - stomach Simple cuboidal - kidney Pseudostratified columnar – trachea Transitional – bladder Connective Tissue – Chapter 9 Adipose – adipose slide Hyaline cartilage – trachea Dense regular – tendon Loose (areolar) – areolar slide Blood – human blood slide Bone – bone slide Muscle and nervous tissue – Chapter 10 Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle Nervous tissue Locate the following cell types from photographs or slides. Exercise 8, 9 and 10 – Tissues Fig. 8.1 p. 64 Fig. 9.1 p. 68 Fig. 10.1 p. 74 Lab report # 8 pp. 65-66 parts A & B Lab report # 9 pp. 69-71 parts A & B Lab report # 10 pp. 75-76 parts A & B Using photographs and slides, be able to recognize the following tissue types Epithelial tissue – Chapter 8 Goblet cell – pseudostratified columnar epithelium Chondrocyte – hyaline cartilage Erythrocyte – blood Leukocyte – blood Osteocyte - bone Intercalated disc – cardiac muscle Neuron – nervous tissue Exercise 11 – Integumentary System Fig. 11.1 p. 78 Fig. 11.2 p. 79 Fig. 11.3 p. 79 -80 Lab report #11 part A p. 81 Using skin models and slides locate the following parts of the skin. Layers of the skin: Epidermis – slide and model Dermis - slide and model Hypodermis(subcutaneous layer) – slide and model Skin structures Pacinian corpuscle – model Meissner’s corpuscle – model Hair follicle – slide & model Sebaceous gland –slide& model Sweat(eccrine) gland - model Arrector pili muscle - model Lab Quiz # 3 Spelling counts on lab quizzes. You are responsible for all objectives listed including lab exercises and lab report questions. Exercise 12: Fig. 12.1 p.74 Fig. 12.2 p. 75 Lab report 12 part B p. 88 Exercise 13-17 - Skeleton Fig. 13.1 p. 90 Fig. 13.2 p. 91 You are not responsible for any other figures in Chapter 13-17 other than those listed above. Identify the following bones and their features. Bone features are in parentheses. Frontal Parietal Temporal ( mastoid process) (external auditory meatus) Occipital ( foramen magnum) (occipital condyles) Ethmoid ( crista galli) Sphenoid ( sella turcica) Vomer Nasal Zygomatic Maxilla ( palatine process) Palatine Mandible ( TMJ) (sagittal suture) (coronal suture) (lambdoidal suture) Sternum( xiphoid process) (manubrium) Ribs ( true, false and floating) Cervical vertebrae Atlas Axis Thoracic vertebrae Lumbar vertebrae (spinous process) ( transverse process) (body of vertebrae) (lamina) (pedicle) Sacrum Coccyx Scapula( acromion) Clavicle Humerus ( trochlea & capitulum) Ulna ( olecranon process) Radius ( styloid process) Carpals Metacarpals Proximal, Middle and Distal Phalanges Ilium Ischium Pubis (acetabulum) Femur ( head) (Medial and lateral condyles) patella Tibia ( medial malleolus) Fibula ( lateral malleolus) Tarsals Calcaneus Metatarsals Proximal, Middle and Distal Phalanges Exercise 18 Joints Locate the following joints on models. Coronal suture Sagittal suture Lambdoidal suture Symphysis pubis (Pubis symphysis) Sacroiliac joint Exercise 19 – Skeletal muscle structure Fig. 19.2 p. 140 Fig. 19.3 p. 141 Locate the following muscles on models. Frontalis Masseter Orbicularis oculi Orbicularis oris Sternocleidomastoid External obliques Rectus abdominis Transverse abdominis Diaphragm Trapezius Latissimus dorsi Serratus anterior Deltoid Biceps brachii Triceps brachii Brachioradialis Palmaris longus Extensor digitorum Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius Sartorius Gracilis Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Tibialis anterior Soleus Gastrocnemius Lab Quiz # 4 Spelling counts on lab quizzes. You are responsible for all objectives listed including lab exercises and lab report questions. Exercise #24 – Nervous tissue and nerves Fig. 24.1 p. 174 Fig. 24.2 p. 175 Lab report # 24 part A p. 179 Know four types of neuroglial cells. Locate the following on the neuron model. Cell body Dendrite Nissl body(substance) Neurofibrils Axonal hillock Axon Myelin sheath Node of ranvier Exercise 26 - The meninges and spinal cord Fig. 26.1 p. 188 Fig. 26.2 p. 188 Lab report # 26 part A and B p. 189 Locate the following on the spinal cord model. Central canal Gray commissure Anterior horn of gray matter Posterior horn of gray matter White matter Ventral root Dorsal root Dorsal root ganglion Spinal nerve Exercise 27 – Brain and Cranial Nerves Fig. 27.1 p. 192 Fig. 27.2 p. 193 Fig. 27.4 p. 194 Lab report # 27 part A & B p. 195 Follow directions for dissection on p. 197-201 Locate the following on brain models and on a dissected sheep brain. Dura mater Pituitary gland Olfactory bulbs Optic chiasma Cerebrum Gyrus Sulcus Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Temporal lobe Occipital lobe Longitudinal fissure Transverse fissure Lateral ventricles Corpus callosum Thalamus Hypothalamus Pineal gland Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata Cerebellum(arbor vitae) Exercise 29 - The Ear Fig. 29.1 p. 206 Fig. 29.2 p. 207 Fig. 29.3 p. 208 Lab report #29 part A p. 211 Locate the following on ear models. Pinna(auricle) External auditory meatus Tympanic membrane Malleus Incus Stapes Auditory tube Oval window Semicircular canals Vestibule Cochlea Vestibulocochlear nerve Exercise 30 – The eye Fig. 30.3 p. 215 Lab report #30 part A p. 219 Follow directions for eye dissection on pp. 217-218 Locate the following on eye models and on dissected eye. Extrinsic eye muscles Cornea Sclera Optic nerve Iris Pupil Lens Ciliary body Vitreous humor Choroid coat Retina Ovaries Exercise #33 – Blood cells Lab report # 33 part A and B pp. 245246 Lab Quiz #5 Spelling counts on lab quizzes. You are responsible for all objectives listed including lab exercises and lab report questions. Exercise 32- Endocrine System Fig. 32.1 p. 230 Fig. 32.7 p. 234 Fig. 32.8 p. 235 Fig. 32.9 p. 235 Fig. 32.10 p. 236 Lab report #32 part A pp. 237 Be able to recognize the following endocrine glands using photographs and slides. Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Adrenal gland Pancreas Recognize the following endocrine organs on models and be able to give the hormones each secretes. Pituitary gland Pineal gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Thymus gland Pancreas Adrenal gland Testes Using photographs and slides recognize the following blood elements. Erythrocytes Platelets Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Monocytes Lymphocytes Exercise # 36 – The heart Fig. 36.1 p. 264 Fig. 36.2 p. 264 Fig. 36.3 p. 265 Follow directions for heart dissection, procedure B pp. 265-267. Locate the following on heart models and a dissected heart. Right atrium Left atrium Right ventricle Left ventricle Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Pulmonary trunk Aorta Pulmonary veins Tricuspid valve Bicuspid valve Papillary muscle Chordae tendineae Aortic valve (model only) Pulmonary valve (model only) Exercise 38 – Blood vessels Fig. 38.1 p. 282 Fig. 38.3 p. 283 Be able to recognize an artery and a vein under the microscope. Locate the following vessels on models. Arteries: Coronary artery Brachiocephalic Common carotid Left subclavian Axillary Brachial Radial Ulnar Abdominal Common iliac Femoral Anterior tibial Veins: Cardiac veins Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Brachiocephalic Jugular Subclavian Median cubital Renal Femoral Great saphenous Exercise 39 –Blood pressure Perform procedure B p.288 Lab report #39 part A & B p. 289 Observe what happens to BP when sitting, standing up and after exercising. Blood pressure can be done as a demo if time is limited. Lab Quiz # 6 Spelling counts on lab quizzes. You are responsible for all objectives listed including lab exercises and lab report questions. Exercise 42 – Digestive system Fig. 42.1 p.312 Fig. 42.2 p. 312 Fig. 42.5 p. 314 Fig. 42.7 p. 315 Fig. 42.10 p. 317 Fig. 42.11 p. 318 Fig. 42.12 p. 319 Be able to recognize intestinal villi on a photograph or slide. Identify the following digestive system structures on models. Tongue Parotid gland Submandibular gland Sublingual gland Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx Esophagus Lower esophageal sphincter(cardiac sphincter) Cardiac region of stomach Fundus of stomach Body of stomach Pyloric region of stomach Pyloric sphincter Duodenum Jejunum Ileum Appendix Ileocecal sphincter Cecum Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum Pancreas Pancreatic duct Gallbladder Hepatic duct Cystic duct Exercise 44- Respiratory system Fig. 44.1 p. 328 Fig. 44.2 p. 329 Fig. 44.6 p. 330 Lab report 44 part A p. 331 Be able to recognize alveoli from a photograph or slide. Locate the following respiratory structures on models. Conchae ( nasal cavity) Hard palate Soft palate Uvula Pharynx ( 3 divisions) Epiglottis Thyroid cartilage(larynx) Trachea Bronchi ( primary and secondary) Bronchioles Alveoli Diaphragm Exercise 45 – respiratory volumes Fig. 45.3 (Spirogram) Perform procedure B p. 334 Lab report #45 part A and B pp. 339. Handout can also be used for experiment. Turn in results to your instructor when finished. Exercise 46 – Kidney Fig. 46.1 p. 342 Fig. 46.2 p. 343 Fig. 46.4 p. 344 Procedure A pp. 341-343 (kidney dissection) Lab report #46 part A and B p. 347 Locate the following kidney structures on models and a dissected kidney. Renal pelvis(region) Renal medulla(region Renal cortex(region) Renal pyramid Major calyx Minor calyx Ureter Locate the following structures on models only. Nephron Glomerular capsule Glomerular capillaries Afferent arterioles Efferent arterioles Proximal convoluted tubules Ascending limb of nephron loop Descending limb of nephron loop Distal convoluted tubule Collecting duct Interlobar artery/vein Arcuate artery/vein Interlobular artery/vein Bladder Urethra Exercise 48 – Male reproductive system Fig. 48.1 p. 356 Fig. 48.2 p. 356 Fig. 48.4 p. 357 Be able to recognize seminiferous tubules from a photograph or slide. Lab report #48 part A p. 359 Locate the following male reproductive organs on models. Testes Scrotum Epididymis Vas deferens Seminal vesicle Prostate gland Bulbourethral gland Bladder Urethra Penis Glans penis Exercise #49 – Female Reproductive System Fig. 49.1 p. 362 Fig. 49.2 p. 362 Fig. 49.4 p. 364 Lab report #49 part A p. 367 Be able to recognize an ovary from a photograph or slide. Locate the following female reproductive organ on models. Ovary Fimbriae Uterine tube Uterus Cervix Vagina Labium minor Labium major Clitoris Bladder Urethra Genetics Oral Report: This oral report is to be presented after Lab Test Six. Report should last from 3- 5 minutes, Criteria: 1. Name of genetic disorder. 2. What is the pattern of inheritance? 3. Is it a dominant or a recessive trait? 4. What are symptoms of disorder?