Download BIO 112 Lab Objectives

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Biology 112 Lab Objectives
Lab quiz # 1
Spelling counts on all lab quizzes. You
are responsible for all objectives listed
including assigned lab manual
exercises and questions from lab
reports.
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Vertebral(spinal)
Organs – identify/ place in cavity
 heart
 lungs
 brain
 trachea
 esophagus
 stomach
 pancreas
 spleen
 small intestines
 ovary/testes
 urinary bladder
Membranes
Chapter Two – Body Organization
and Terminology
Fig. 2.1 p.10
Fig. 2.2 p.11
Fig. 2.5 p. 13
Fig. 2.6 p. 14
Fig. 2.7 pp. 15-16
Lab Report #2 pp.17-20 parts A,B,C,
D,E, F and G
Using models learn the following
anatomical terms.
Directional Terminology:
Superior/Inferior
Anterior/Posterior
Medial/Lateral
Proximal/Distal
Superficial/Deep
Body cavities
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Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic
Cranial
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parietal pericardium
visceral pericardium
parietal pleura
visceral pleura
parietal peritoneum
visceral peritoneum
Planes
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Frontal(coronal)
Sagittal
Transverse
Abdominal quadrants ( models) and
know nine abdominal regions (see Fig.
2.6) –
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RUQ
LUQ
RLQ
LLQ
Body regions
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Cephalic
Cervical
Sternal
Axillary
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Acromial
Brachial
Antebrachial
Cubital
Antecubital
Palmar
Umbilical
Lumbar
Sacral
Gluteal
Femoral
Patellar
Popliteal
Plantar
Exercise 3 – The Microscope
Read lab exercises; then complete lab
report # 3, pp. 39-40 parts A and D.
Know following parts of the
microscope and their functions.
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Ocular lens
Arm
Rotating nosepiece
Objective lenses
Stage
Stage clips
Mechanical stage control
Fine focus
Coarse focus
Light control
Condenser
Iris diaphragm lever
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Be able to determine why a slide
is not viewable
Be able to describe the proper
way to carry a microscope
Be able to describe proper way to
store a microscope
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Exercise 4 – Cell Structure and
Function
Fig. 5.1 p. 42
Fig. 5.2 p. 43
Lab report #5 p. 45 part A, B C and
D
Use cell model to learn structures and
functions of following cellular
organelles
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Plasma (cell) membrane
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Nuclear envelope
Chromatin
Golgi apparatus
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Mitochondria
Lysosome
Centrioles
Ribosomes
Exercise 6 – Movements through
membranes
Perform lab procedure A. p.48
Perform lab procedure B. 48
Perform lab procedure C p. 49
Lab report #6 pp. 51-52 parts A, B &
C
Be able to define:
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Diffusion
Osmosis
Filtration
Define the following and describe
what happens to a cell placed in each
solution.
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Hypertonic solutions
Hypotonic solutions
Isotonic solutions
Lab Quiz #2
Spelling counts on lab quizzes. You
are responsible for all objectives listed
including lab exercises and lab report
questions.
Exercise 7 – The Cell Cycle
Fig. 7.2 p. 57
Lab report # 7 pp. 59-62 parts A, B, C,
D and E
Using photographs, models and
whitefish blastula slides, be able to
identify the following stage in the life
cycle of the cell.
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Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
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Stratified squamous - skin
Simple squamous - lungs
Simple columnar - stomach
Simple cuboidal - kidney
Pseudostratified columnar –
trachea
Transitional – bladder
Connective Tissue – Chapter 9
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Adipose – adipose slide
Hyaline cartilage – trachea
Dense regular – tendon
Loose (areolar) – areolar slide
Blood – human blood slide
Bone – bone slide
Muscle and nervous tissue – Chapter
10
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Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Nervous tissue
Locate the following cell types from
photographs or slides.
Exercise 8, 9 and 10 – Tissues
Fig. 8.1 p. 64
Fig. 9.1 p. 68
Fig. 10.1 p. 74
Lab report # 8 pp. 65-66 parts A & B
Lab report # 9 pp. 69-71 parts A & B
Lab report # 10 pp. 75-76 parts A & B
Using photographs and slides, be able
to recognize the following tissue types
Epithelial tissue – Chapter 8
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Goblet cell – pseudostratified
columnar epithelium
Chondrocyte – hyaline cartilage
Erythrocyte – blood
Leukocyte – blood
Osteocyte - bone
Intercalated disc – cardiac
muscle
Neuron – nervous tissue
Exercise 11 – Integumentary
System
Fig. 11.1 p. 78
Fig. 11.2 p. 79
Fig. 11.3 p. 79 -80
Lab report #11 part A p. 81
Using skin models and slides locate
the following parts of the skin.
Layers of the skin:
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Epidermis – slide and model
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Dermis - slide and model
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Hypodermis(subcutaneous layer)
– slide and model
Skin structures
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Pacinian corpuscle – model
Meissner’s corpuscle – model
Hair follicle – slide & model
Sebaceous gland –slide& model
Sweat(eccrine) gland - model
 Arrector pili muscle - model
Lab Quiz # 3
Spelling counts on lab quizzes. You
are responsible for all objectives listed
including lab exercises and lab report
questions.
Exercise 12:
Fig. 12.1 p.74
Fig. 12.2 p. 75
Lab report 12 part B p. 88
Exercise 13-17 - Skeleton
Fig. 13.1 p. 90
Fig. 13.2 p. 91
You are not responsible for any other
figures in Chapter 13-17 other than
those listed above.
Identify the following bones and their
features. Bone features are in
parentheses.
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Frontal
Parietal
Temporal ( mastoid process)
(external auditory meatus)
Occipital ( foramen magnum)
(occipital condyles)
Ethmoid ( crista galli)
Sphenoid ( sella turcica)
Vomer
Nasal
Zygomatic
Maxilla ( palatine process)
Palatine
Mandible ( TMJ)
(sagittal suture)
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(coronal suture)
(lambdoidal suture)
Sternum( xiphoid process)
(manubrium)
Ribs ( true, false and floating)
Cervical vertebrae
Atlas
Axis
Thoracic vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae
(spinous process)
( transverse process)
(body of vertebrae)
(lamina)
(pedicle)
Sacrum
Coccyx
Scapula( acromion)
Clavicle
Humerus ( trochlea & capitulum)
Ulna ( olecranon process)
Radius ( styloid process)
Carpals
Metacarpals
Proximal, Middle and Distal
Phalanges
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
(acetabulum)
Femur ( head)
(Medial and lateral condyles)
patella
Tibia ( medial malleolus)
Fibula ( lateral malleolus)
Tarsals
Calcaneus
Metatarsals
Proximal, Middle and Distal
Phalanges
Exercise 18 Joints
Locate the following joints on models.
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Coronal suture
Sagittal suture
Lambdoidal suture
Symphysis pubis (Pubis
symphysis)
Sacroiliac joint
Exercise 19 – Skeletal muscle
structure
Fig. 19.2 p. 140
Fig. 19.3 p. 141
Locate the following muscles on
models.
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Frontalis
Masseter
Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oris
Sternocleidomastoid
External obliques
Rectus abdominis
Transverse abdominis
Diaphragm
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Serratus anterior
Deltoid
Biceps brachii
Triceps brachii
Brachioradialis
Palmaris longus
Extensor digitorum
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Sartorius
Gracilis
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
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Vastus medialis
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Tibialis anterior
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
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Lab Quiz # 4
Spelling counts on lab quizzes. You
are responsible for all objectives listed
including lab exercises and lab report
questions.
Exercise #24 – Nervous tissue and
nerves
Fig. 24.1 p. 174
Fig. 24.2 p. 175
Lab report # 24 part A p. 179
Know four types of neuroglial cells.
Locate the following on the neuron
model.
 Cell body
 Dendrite
 Nissl body(substance)
 Neurofibrils
 Axonal hillock
 Axon
 Myelin sheath
 Node of ranvier
Exercise 26 - The meninges and spinal
cord
Fig. 26.1 p. 188
Fig. 26.2 p. 188
Lab report # 26 part A and B p. 189
Locate the following on the spinal
cord model.
 Central canal
 Gray commissure
 Anterior horn of gray matter
 Posterior horn of gray matter
White matter
Ventral root
Dorsal root
Dorsal root ganglion
Spinal nerve
Exercise 27 – Brain and Cranial
Nerves
Fig. 27.1 p. 192
Fig. 27.2 p. 193
Fig. 27.4 p. 194
Lab report # 27 part A & B p. 195
Follow directions for dissection on p.
197-201
Locate the following on brain models
and on a dissected sheep brain.
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Dura mater
Pituitary gland
Olfactory bulbs
Optic chiasma
Cerebrum
Gyrus
Sulcus
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe
Longitudinal fissure
Transverse fissure
Lateral ventricles
Corpus callosum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pineal gland
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum(arbor vitae)
Exercise 29 - The Ear
Fig. 29.1 p. 206
Fig. 29.2 p. 207
Fig. 29.3 p. 208
Lab report #29 part A p. 211
Locate the following on ear models.
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Pinna(auricle)
External auditory meatus
Tympanic membrane
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
Auditory tube
Oval window
Semicircular canals
Vestibule
Cochlea
Vestibulocochlear nerve
Exercise 30 – The eye
Fig. 30.3 p. 215
Lab report #30 part A p. 219
Follow directions for eye dissection on
pp. 217-218
Locate the following on eye models
and on dissected eye.
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Extrinsic eye muscles
Cornea
Sclera
Optic nerve
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Iris
Pupil
Lens
Ciliary body
Vitreous humor
Choroid coat
Retina
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Ovaries
Exercise #33 – Blood cells
Lab report # 33 part A and B pp. 245246
Lab Quiz #5
Spelling counts on lab quizzes. You
are responsible for all objectives listed
including lab exercises and lab report
questions.
Exercise 32- Endocrine System
Fig. 32.1 p. 230
Fig. 32.7 p. 234
Fig. 32.8 p. 235
Fig. 32.9 p. 235
Fig. 32.10 p. 236
Lab report #32 part A pp. 237
Be able to recognize the following
endocrine glands using photographs
and slides.
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Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Adrenal gland
Pancreas
Recognize the following endocrine
organs on models and be able to give
the hormones each secretes.
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Pituitary gland
Pineal gland
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
Thymus gland
Pancreas
Adrenal gland
Testes
Using photographs and slides
recognize the following blood
elements.
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Erythrocytes
Platelets
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Exercise # 36 – The heart
Fig. 36.1 p. 264
Fig. 36.2 p. 264
Fig. 36.3 p. 265
Follow directions for heart dissection,
procedure B pp. 265-267.
Locate the following on heart models
and a dissected heart.
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Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary trunk
Aorta
Pulmonary veins
Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid valve
Papillary muscle
Chordae tendineae
Aortic valve (model only)
Pulmonary valve (model only)
Exercise 38 – Blood vessels
Fig. 38.1 p. 282
Fig. 38.3 p. 283
Be able to recognize an artery and a
vein under the microscope.
Locate the following vessels on
models.
Arteries:
 Coronary artery
 Brachiocephalic
 Common carotid
 Left subclavian
 Axillary
 Brachial
 Radial
 Ulnar
 Abdominal
 Common iliac
 Femoral
 Anterior tibial
Veins:
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Cardiac veins
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Brachiocephalic
Jugular
Subclavian
Median cubital
Renal
Femoral
Great saphenous
Exercise 39 –Blood pressure
Perform procedure B p.288
Lab report #39 part A & B p. 289
Observe what happens to BP when
sitting, standing up and after
exercising. Blood pressure can be done
as a demo if time is limited.
Lab Quiz # 6
Spelling counts on lab quizzes. You
are responsible for all objectives listed
including lab exercises and lab report
questions.
Exercise 42 – Digestive system
Fig. 42.1 p.312
Fig. 42.2 p. 312
Fig. 42.5 p. 314
Fig. 42.7 p. 315
Fig. 42.10 p. 317
Fig. 42.11 p. 318
Fig. 42.12 p. 319
Be able to recognize intestinal villi on
a photograph or slide.
Identify the following digestive system
structures on models.
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Tongue
Parotid gland
Submandibular gland
Sublingual gland
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Esophagus
Lower esophageal
sphincter(cardiac sphincter)
Cardiac region of stomach
Fundus of stomach
Body of stomach
Pyloric region of stomach
Pyloric sphincter
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Appendix
Ileocecal sphincter
Cecum
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Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Pancreas
Pancreatic duct
Gallbladder
Hepatic duct
Cystic duct
Exercise 44- Respiratory system
Fig. 44.1 p. 328
Fig. 44.2 p. 329
Fig. 44.6 p. 330
Lab report 44 part A p. 331
Be able to recognize alveoli from a
photograph or slide.
Locate the following respiratory
structures on models.
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Conchae ( nasal cavity)
Hard palate
Soft palate
Uvula
Pharynx ( 3 divisions)
Epiglottis
Thyroid cartilage(larynx)
Trachea
Bronchi ( primary and
secondary)
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Diaphragm
Exercise 45 – respiratory volumes
 Fig. 45.3 (Spirogram)
 Perform procedure B p. 334
 Lab report #45 part A and B
pp. 339.
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Handout can also be used for
experiment. Turn in results to
your instructor when finished.
Exercise 46 – Kidney
Fig. 46.1 p. 342
Fig. 46.2 p. 343
Fig. 46.4 p. 344
Procedure A pp. 341-343 (kidney
dissection)
Lab report #46 part A and B p. 347
Locate the following kidney structures
on models and a dissected kidney.
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Renal pelvis(region)
Renal medulla(region
Renal cortex(region)
Renal pyramid
Major calyx
Minor calyx
Ureter
Locate the following structures on
models only.
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Nephron
Glomerular capsule
Glomerular capillaries
Afferent arterioles
Efferent arterioles
Proximal convoluted tubules
Ascending limb of nephron loop
Descending limb of nephron loop
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Interlobar artery/vein
Arcuate artery/vein
Interlobular artery/vein
Bladder
Urethra
Exercise 48 – Male reproductive
system
Fig. 48.1 p. 356
Fig. 48.2 p. 356
Fig. 48.4 p. 357
Be able to recognize seminiferous
tubules from a photograph or slide.
Lab report #48 part A p. 359
Locate the following male
reproductive organs on models.
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Testes
Scrotum
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Seminal vesicle
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral gland
Bladder
Urethra
Penis
Glans penis
Exercise #49 – Female Reproductive
System
Fig. 49.1 p. 362
Fig. 49.2 p. 362
Fig. 49.4 p. 364
Lab report #49 part A p. 367
Be able to recognize an ovary from a
photograph or slide.
Locate the following female
reproductive organ on models.
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Ovary
Fimbriae
Uterine tube
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
Labium minor
Labium major
 Clitoris
 Bladder
 Urethra
Genetics Oral Report:
This oral report is to be presented
after Lab Test Six. Report should last
from 3- 5 minutes,
Criteria:
1. Name of genetic disorder.
2. What is the pattern of inheritance?
3. Is it a dominant or a recessive trait?
4. What are symptoms of disorder?