Download Athens vs. Sparta - 7A

Athens vs. Sparta
The Big Idea:
The two most powerful
city-states in Greece,
Sparta and Athens, had
very different cultures
and became bitter
enemies in the 400s BC.
Military
Athens
•Had a strong navy
Sparta
•Military service
began at age 7
until 60
•Had
•Joined the army
mandatory
at age 18
military
•13 years of Harsh
serivce
•Had to serve for 2
training in fighting
years
and killing
•Fought each
(combat)
•Fought battles at
other
sea
•Men lived in
barracks (dorms)
Conclusions?
Allowed to marry and have children,
but remain in dorms until 30.
Cultural Achievements
Athens
Sparta
•Art
•Architecture
•Drama &
Literature
•Philosophy
•Government
(Democracy)
Conclusions?
•Organized
government
•Influential
thousands of
years later
•Military
legacy
•Oral History
(Trojan War)
•Women’s
rights
Systems of Labor
Athens
Sparta
•Freemen were all •Slaves were
people taken
male citizens
when defeated
(20%)
•Workers who
could not own
land (50%)
•Slaves—had no
rights (30%)
Conclusions?
in battle
•Professional
soldiers—only
ones who could
vote (20%)
•Merchants &
•If a family
needed money
Artisans (10%)
they could sell a
child into slavery •Helots or slavesdid all nonmilitary work
(70%)
The Spartans built a military society to
provide security and protection.
• Daily life in Sparta was dominated by the army,
and boys were trained from an early age to be
soldiers.
– Spartan men reached full citizenship at age 30
and could then move back home, but they
stayed in the army until they turned 60.
• Courage, strength, self-discipline, and
obedience were the most important qualities
to have.
Spartan Women
• Because men were often at war,
women had more rights than
other Greek women.
– Spartan Women ran the
household and owned
property.
– Spartan Women also received
physical training and
sometimes competed with men
in sporting events.
Government
• Sparta was officially ruled
by two kings who jointly
led the army, but elected
officials actually had more
power than the kings.
• These officials handled
dealings between Sparta
and other city-states.
• Sparta’s government was
set up to control the city’s
helots, or slaves.
What type of
government is this?
What was the
government
of Athens like?
The Athenians admired the
mind and the arts in
addition to physical
abilities.
Boys and Men In Athens
• Sparta’s main rival in Greece was
Athens.
• Though they also worked to improve
their bodies, they had to devote
only two years to the army.
• They learned to read, write, count,
and sing.
• Wealthy boys continued their
education with a private tutor.
• Boys from poor families usually
became farmers.
Girls and Women in Athens
• Unlike boys, girls received
almost no education, because
men did not think they needed
to be educated.
• Athenian women had fewer
rights than women in many
other city-states; in fact, they
hardly had any at all.
Acropolis…Why?
Word to Know
Acropolis:
a high hill upon which a Greek fortress was built
Sparta and Athens fought over
who should have power and
influence in Greece. But…
• Over time the Persians
came to rule a great
empire which
eventually brought
them into conflict with
the Greeks.
• Sparta and Athens
worked together to
win the Persian Wars.
After the Persian Wars…
• City-states joined an alliance,
which historians call the Delian
League.
– “Alliance” means they agreed to
work together.
• Sparta formed its own alliance,
called the Peloponnesian League.
The Peloponnesian War
Who: Athens and Allies & Sparta and Allies
What: War over money
Where: On the Greek mainland and the
Aegean Sea
When: 431B.C.- 404B.C.
Why: Athens took money from the Delian
League. Sparta didn’t like that.
Ended in a truce
The Peloponnesian War
• The Peloponnesian
War between
Athens and Sparta
has left all the
Greek city-states
without unity!
They are an easy
target for…
Alexander the Great
from Macedonia