Download Study Guide Base your answers to questions 1 through 5 on the

Study Guide
Base your answers to questions 1 through 5 on the diagram below, which represents the pathway of blood
throughout the body, and on your knowledge of biology.
1. Which structure carries oxygenated blood to the body?________
2. Which structure represents the chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood directly from
the lungs?________
3. State one specific change that occurs in the gas composition of the blood as the blood moves from
structure 6 to structure 3. Specify whether the change is an increase or a decrease in composition.
4. Which structures are mostly associated with the transport of deoxygenated blood? Answer in
Numbers
5. Which two blood vessels are veins? Answer in Numbers
6. A structure that prevents the backflow of blood into an atrium is called _________
7. __________ Release chemicals that produce a protein called fibrin/fibrogen
8. Red Blood Cells Consist of an iron-containing protein called_______________
9. __________ Microscopic blood vessels where the exchange of important substances and wastes
occur
10. Why should a girl with type A blood not receive a transfusion of type AB blood? Hint: antibody
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11. The diagram below shows a particle of food being moved along the human digestive tract by
alternate waves of relaxation and contraction of the muscular walls of the esophagus
____________ is the process that causes the movement of food down the esophagus
12. ____________, an enzyme in saliva, starts chemical digestion by breaking down starches into sugar.
13. __________ used to tear, scrape, and chew food.
14. __________ is the last part of the digestive system; feces passes before it exits the body
15. __________enzyme found in gastric juices; begins digestion
16. The diagram below represent part of a capillary in a specific region of the human body. The region
labeled X represents part of ____________
17. How is oxygen and carbon dioxide transported into and out of cells?__________________
18. Hairlike structures called _________trap foreign particles from the air and sweep them toward the
throat.
19. ___________ a flap of cartilage that closes of the opening of the respiratory tract during swallowing.
20. During exhalation, the size of the chest cavity ___________as the diaphragm moves_____.
21. ___________ Infection of the lungs that causes alveoli to collect mucus material.
22. What structure contracts during inhalation?__________
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23. The diagram below represents a group of organs in the human body. Urine leaves the urinary
bladder by passing through structure _______________
24. Urine, which is excess fluids and wastes, leaves the kidneys through ducts called _________
25. What is the role of the skin in the excretory system?________________________________
26. What is the immediate result of kidney failure?____________________________________
Base your answers to questions 29 through 31 on the diagram below, which represents the human digestive
system, and on your knowledge of biology.
27. In which structure does the initial hydrolysis of carbohydrates occur?___________
28. From which structure are glucose and amino acids normally absorbed into the circulatory system?
29. In which structure does chemical digestion of protein begin?
30. Food nutrients are absorbed from the small intestine into the bloodstream through fingerlike
structures called___________
31. Environment inside the stomach is (acidic or basic)______________
32. What type of digestion is carried out by the action of smooth muscles in the stomach
and small intestine?
33. The pancreas is an organ connected to the digestive tract of humans by a duct (tube) through which
digestive enzymes flow. These enzymes are important to the digestive system because they
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34. What is the primary function of the large intestine?
35. The diagram below represents three human body systems. Which row in the chart below correctly
shows what systems A, B, and C provide for the human body?________
36. A nerve pathway that consists of a sensory neuron, an interneuron, and a motor neuron is called
_______________
37. The minimum stimulus to cause an action potential to be produced is called a _____________
38. How do nerve impulses travel in a neuron?(direction in words)
39. You have accidentally touched a very hot pot. Explain how the reflex arc will work to pull your finger
from the pot.
40. What is a neurotransmitter? Give two examples
41. Draw two connected neurons. Use the following words to label your drawing: synapse, dendrite,
axon, neurotransmitter, terminal axon and cell body
42. When a neuron is at rest, what maintains the high concentration gradients of potassium
ions inside the cell and sodium ions outside the cell?
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