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Questions on chapter 11(cardiovascular) I-Mention in short -parts of the aorta -arteries of the upper limb - arteries of the lower limb -structural differences between arteries and veins -factors that help in venous return -predisposing factors for varicose veins -the three layers of heart wall -what is cardiac output -the four chambers of the heart and blood vessels connected to each -the four valves of the heart and its location -the two common problems met with in valves -what is circle of Willis -what is hepatic portal circulation -blood shunts present in the fetus -what is pulse -what is blood pressure -5 pressure points used to feel pulse -the two main factors affecting blood pressure -factors that affect blood pressure -how the kidney can affect blood pressure -the two forces that control capillary exchange -what of these factors increase or decrease blood pressure:adrenaline,histamine nicotine,alcohol,heat, cold -waves of ECG and the cause of each -parts of intrinsic conduction system of the heart II-Fill in spaces -feeling pulsation in----------------------------artey indicates adequate circulation to foot -systolic blood pressure below 100mmHg is called while that above140 is called-----------the apex of the heart is directed toward the left --------and rests on the----------------, approximately at the level of the-------------intercostal space in the ----------------line -the posterosuperior aspect of the heart is called its----------, it lies beneath the ---------rib --------------------is a double sac of serous membrane,the inner layer is called-------------------or----------------the ventricles are separated by------------------septum while atria are separated by-----------the---------------------circulation carries blood from the right side to the left while--------------circulation carries blood from left to right ---------------------anchor the cusps of AV valves to the walls of the ventricles -the arteries suppling the heart are called---------------crushing chest pain due to ischaemia is called------------------------------------------is a serious complication of varicose veins -a common complication of thrombophlebitis is--------------------the only branches of ascending aorta are -----------arteries serves the kidneys ----------artery supplies the ovaries while-------------------supplies the testis -the first branch of abdominal aorta is called------------------the final branches of abdominal aorta are------------------ -external iliac artey continues as------------------ artery -veins draining the head and arms empty into----------------------and those draining the lower body empty into-------------------------------the basilica and cephalic veins are joined at the anterior aspect of the elbow by the-------------------------------------the ------------------------------is often chosen as a site for blood sample -the external and internal iliac veins join to form-------------if ischaemic hert cells die,it leads to what is called------------------------umblical cord cotains---------------artery and----------------vein -all blood constituents can pass through capillaries except------------------and------- through capillaries blood exchange with-----------------------fluid before the cells -cold causes -------------------------while heat causes ----------------------of blood vessel -atrial repolarization does not appear in ECG because it is covered by------------------cardiac output is about--------------------------- while stroke volume is about-------------normal heart rate is about ---------, rate bellow ---------- is called bradycardia but rate above 100is called-------------------- III-True or false -through capillaries blood exchanges directly with cells -the great saphenous veins are the longest veins in the body -each semilunar valve has three cusps -the heart is supplied by blood in its chambers -the coronary sinus empties in the right atrium -the coronary arteries are filled during systole the coronary arteries branch from the base of the pulmonary trunck -arteries always carry oxygenated blood -arteries are able toexpand and recoil -cardiac output usually equals venous return -all bood constituents can pass through capillaries -depolarization waves can reach the vebtricles only through AV node -the pacemaker of the heart is --------------- in heart block,----------------- is damaged -rapid uncoordinated shuddering of heart muscle is called------------------- ,it is caused usually by------------------- IV-Match table A with table B Table A ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Table A ( )brachiocephalic )vertebral )subclavian )external iliac )gonadal )renal )pulmonary trunk )celiac trunk )coronary )popliteal )pulmonary veins ( ( ( ( )umblical vein )great saphenous vein )jugular veins )hepatic portal vein Table B 1-suplies head and upper limb 2-suplies posterior part of brain 3-extends to upper limb 4-extends to lower limb 5-testicular and ovarian 6-to the kidneys 7-short wide divide into two brabches 8- short wide divide into 3 branches 9-to heart muscle 10-behind the knee Table B 1-carries oxygenated blood,4 in number 2-carries blood from placenta to the fetus 3-common site for varicose veins 4-carries blood from braibn to the heart 5-carries blood from intestine to liver