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1011 SIDE 1 Life has flourished on Earth due to the presence of _____. liquid water The name of the galaxy we live in. Milky Way At any given time, approximately how much of the Earth is illuminated by the sun? half What causes the Earth’s axis to remain tilted 23.5 degrees? the moon’s gravitational force What is Earth’s position in the Solar System? third planet from the Sun, between Venus and Mars Why does Earth have seasons? because it is tilted on its axis 23.5 degrees What are the tides primarily caused by? the gravitational force between the Moon and the Earth What causes days and nights? the rotation of Earth on its axis Why do we always see the same side of the Moon? it rotates on its axis at the same rate that it revolves around the Earth Does the moon rotate on its axis? yes List the gas giants in order, starting with the one nearest the Sun. Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus Which planet is called Earth’s twin? Venus What are asteroids? rocks orbiting the sun between Mars and Jupiter What is retrograde motion? When a planet appears to move backwards because we are moving past it in space. Which planet has the shortest day? Mercury What is Polaris? the North Star What is parallax used to measure? a star’s distance from Earth Why does a person weigh more on Earth than on the moon? Earth has a greater gravitational pull How does the sun emit energy? through fusion of hydrogen into helium What is it called when the moon and sun are aligned so that the sun is blocked? solar eclipse What does a light year measure? distance Which has the greater density, an inner planet or an outer planet? inner planets Which layer of the sun is seen during a total solar eclipse? corona 1011 SIDE 1 Why doesn’t erosion occur on the moon? there is no wind or rain What is the Kuiper Belt? where comets are concentrated What was Apollo 13? first manned mission to land on the moon What element is the main component of most stars? hydrogen What is the Big Bang theory? theory of how the UNIVERSE was created What does absolute magnitude measure? star brightness Which type of planet is small and rocky? terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars) What type of galaxy are we in? spiral Gas and dust in interstellar nebulae can form ___. stars In which stage does a star spend most of its life? main sequence What powers stars? fusion What is the first stage in a star’s life cycle? stellar nebula What is the last stage in the life cycle of an average star, like our Sun? black dwarf What will be the next stage of our Sun’s life cycle? red giant What is a supernova? explosion of a massive star What is indicated by a galaxy which shows a red Doppler shift? it is moving away from us What is indicated by the fact that the galaxies are moving away from each other? the Universe is expanding What is a lunar eclipse? when the Earth’s shadow falls on the moon because the Earth is between the moon and the sun What does a star’s spectral pattern tell us? which elements it contains 1011 Test Extra Credit Opportunity Worth up to 10 points! Your extra credit challenge is to create handwritten flash cards to help you study for the upcoming test on Astronomy. You will earn 1 point for every 4 correctly formatted flash cards; 10 points for completing all 40! Flash cards can be made out of index cards, notebook paper or blank paper of any color as long as I can see the writing clearly- use what you have! A good size is about 4X6- a piece of notebook paper cut into 4 pieces is fine, too. To receive credit, flash cards must be turned in BEFORE you take your test. Correctly formatted flash cards: 1. Are HANDWRITTEN by the student, images must be hand-drawn. 2. Display the term, question, or diagram on one side, and explanation on the back. 3. Copy the information as it is written below; no abbreviations of the material.