Download File - Physical Science

Name _______________________
Earth Science
Exam II
1. The former late Paleozoic supercontinent is known as ________.
A) Pandomonia
B) Pancakea
C) Pangaea
D) Panatopia
2. Pull-apart rift zones are generally associated with a ________ plate boundary.
A) transform B) divergent
C) convergent
D) all plate boundaries
3. A very long-lived magma source located deep in the mantle is called a ________.
A) magma welt
B) basalt spout
C) melt well
D) hot spot
4. It is thought that submarine canyons on the continental slope have been generated by ____.
A) streams when sea level was much lower than it is today
C) a submarine glaciations
B) streams when sea level was much higher than it is today
D) turbidity currents
5. Which of the following energy sources is thought to drive the lateral motions of Earth's
lithospheric plates?
A) gravitational attractive forces of the Sun and Moon
B) electrical and magnetic fields localized in the inner core
C) export of heat from deep in the mantle to the top of the asthenosphere
6. All of the following are evidence supporting the theory of plate tectonics except for _____.
A) changes in the Moon's orbit due to shifting plates
C) hot spots
B) ocean floor drilling
D) paleomagnetism
7. Cooler, older, oceanic lithosphere SINKS into the mantle at ________.
A) subduction zones along convergent plate boundaries
B) transform fault zones along divergent plate boundaries
C) rift zones along mid-ocean ridges
D) sites of long-lived, hot spot volcanism in the ocean basins
8. A ________ boundary is normally devoid of volcanism.
A. Convergent, Oceanic-Continental
B. Transform
Continental-Continental
C. Convergent,
9. The San Andreas fault in California is an example of this type of plate boundary ____.
A. Convergent
B. Divergent
C. Transform
10. When an earthquake occurs, energy radiates in all directions from its source. The source is
also referred to as the ________.
A) inertial point
B) epicenter C) focus
D) seismic zone
11. Which one of the following statements is correct?
A) P waves travel through solids; S waves do not.
B) P and S waves travel through liquids, but P waves do not travel through solids.
C) S waves travel through solids and P waves travel through liquids.
D) P and S waves travel through liquids, but S waves do not travel through solids.
12. ________ have the highest velocities.
A) Primary waves
C) Surface waves
B) Secondary waves
D) Refracted S waves
13. The amount of destruction caused by earthquake vibrations is affected by ________.
A) design of structures
C) nature of the surface material
B) intensity and duration of the vibrations
D) all of these
14. On a typical seismogram, ________ will show the highest amplitudes.
A) P waves
B) S waves
C) surface waves
15. Major earthquakes are often followed by somewhat smaller events known as ________.
A) aftershocks
B) foreshocks
C) tremors
D) hyposhocks
16. The ________ magnitude scale is a measure of the energy released. It does not directly
measure the extent of building damage.
A) Gutenberg
B) Reid
C) Mercalli
D) Richter
17. The instrument that records earthquake waves is termed a ________.
A) polygraph
B) thermograph
C) seismograph
D) barograph
18. The position on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake source is called the
________.
A) epicenter B) inertial point
C) focus
D) seismic zone
19. The mechanism by which rocks store and eventually release energy in the form of an
earthquake is termed ________.
A) elastic rebound
B) seismic rebound C) fault displacement
D) stress fracture
20. Overall, this type of seismic wave is the most destructive.
A) P wave
B) S wave
C) surface wave
D) tsunami
21. Most of our knowledge about Earth's interior comes from ________.
A) drill holes B) volcanic eruptions
C) seismic waves D) examination of deep mine shafts
22. Which of the following is associated with ocean ridges?
A) rift zones B) mountainous topography
C) volcanic structures
D) all of these
23. Sediments derived primarily from the products of weathering on the continents are called
________.
A) terrigenous sediment
B) biogenous sediment
C) hydrogenous sediment
24. The asthenosphere is located ________.
A) within the crust
C) between the mantle and outer core
B) in the upper mantle
D) within the outer core
25. ________ is a major dissolved volatile constituent in both magmas and volcanic gases.
A) Water
B) Hydrogen chloride
C) Methane
26. The ________ ocean basin is rimmed by the most subduction zones.
A) Atlantic B) Indian
C) Pacific
D) Arctic
27. Which of the following factors help determine whether a volcanic eruption will be violent
or relatively quiescent?
A) amount of dissolved gas in the magma C) composition of the magma
B) temperature of the magma
D) all of these
28. Cinder cones ________.
A) have very steep slopes
B) are usually less than 300 meters (1000 feet) high
C) consist largely of pyroclastics
D) all of these
29. Massive, gently sloping volcanoes built of successive, basaltic lava flows
A. Shield Volcanoes
B. Stratovolcanoes C. Cinder Cones
30. Large, fairly steep-sided cones composed of lavas and pyroclastic layers
A. Shield Volcanoes
B. Stratovolcanoes C. Cinder Cones
31. The big volcanoes of Hawaii
A. Shield Volcanoes
B. Stratovolcanoes
C. Cinder Cones
32. ________ tend to increase the explosive potential of a magma body beneath a volcano.
A) High viscosity and dissolved gas
C) Low silica content, low viscosity
B) High viscosity, low dissolved gas content
D) Low viscosity, low dissolved gas content
33. Which kind of eruptive activity is most likely to be highly explosive?
A) lava flows from a large shield volcano on an oceanic island
B) eruptions of big, continental margin, composite cones or stratovolcanoes
C) lava flows from a large cinder cone complex
34. Mount St. Helens is ________.
A) a basaltic cinder cone
B) an explosive stratovolcano
C) a basaltic shield volcano
35. Which of the following is NOT considered pyroclastic debris?
A) ash
B) cinders
C) bombs
D) pahoehoe
36. Most of the active volcanoes on Earth are located in a belt known as the ________.
A) Ring of Fire
B) Gulf Coast Zone C) Mid-Pacific Ridge
D) Red Sea rift
List the layers of the Earth from the interior to the exterior. (Inside-Out)
A. Outer Core
E. Inner Core
B. Lithosphere
C. Mantle
37. (Innermostt)______
39. _______
38. ______
40. _______
D. Aethenosphere
41. (Outermost) _______
42. Manganese nodules are an example of ________.
A) terrigenous sediment
B) biogenous sediment
C) hydrogenous sediment
43. Minerals that crystallize directly from seawater are examples of ________.
A) terrigenous sediment
B) biogenous sediment
C) hydrogenous sediment
44. The gently sloping submerged
surface extending from the shoreline toward the deep ocean
is termed the ________.
A) continental shelf B) continental slope C) continental rise
D) submarine canyon
45. The ________ Ocean is largest.
A) Atlantic B) Pacific
C) Indian
D) Arctic
46. Which ocean has the greatest average depth?
A) Atlantic B) Pacific
C) Indian
D) Arctic
47. The continental rise is located ________.
A) at the top of a mid-ocean ridge
C) between an abyssal plain and continental slope
B) at the top of the continental slope
D) at the seaward edge of a deep ocean trench
Name _____________________
Earth Science
Exam II
Answer Sheet
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