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Download Electrical parameters of microcontrollers 8051 family
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Advanced Microcontrollers Grzegorz Budzyń Lecture 3: Electrical parameters of microcontrollers 8051 family Plan • Electrical parameters of microcontrollers • 8051 core (8-bit) – Main features – 8051 based microcontrollers Electrical parameters Electrical parameters • Important parameters: – Maximum ratings – Power supply: • Voltage • Current consumption – Clocking – Reset – I/O ports parameters Electrical parameters Maximum ratings Maximum ratings • Microcontrollers have to be viewed as a complicated device, sensitive to many factors • Each device have their own Absolute Maximum Ratings that must be viewed very carefully • The values found in that table MUST NOT be exceeded Maximum ratings • Main parameters: – Operating temperature • • • • Usually from -40C to 130C Differs from chip vendor to chip vendor Usually different temperature versions available Thermal resistance should be taken into consideration in order to avoid problems with overheating • Microcontrollers are usually NOT protected against overheating! Maximum ratings • Main parameters: – Maximum operating voltage: • Maximum value of voltage that can be connected to power supply input of the microcontroller • For microcontrollers with multiple power supplies inputs, the maximum operating voltage is defined for each input separately Maximum ratings • Main parameters: – Input / output voltage range: • Maximum value of voltage that can be connected to any pin of the microcontroller • The value is usually limitted by the actual power supply value and may stay within some limits (i.e. -0.5V to VCC+0.5V) • The input-output voltage range can be extended when the CLAMP CURRENT parameter is used properly Maximum ratings • Main parameters: – Clamp Current: • The maximum current that the input can sink or the output can source without any damage • Usually in mA range • If a series resistor is used then even very high or negative voltages can be directly connected to the microcontroller • Usable in ESD protection Electrical parameters Power supply Power supply • Delivering power to microcontrollers is usually a delicate task • Most of microcontrollers have more than 1 power supply input • Each power supply input have usually different requirements • The most problematic for proper power supply are microcontrollers with analog part Power supply Single supply Dual supply System grounding Grounds shortened only on uC Ground shortened only on power supply Grounds shortened only on uC Current consumption • The requirements on power consumption reduction are nowdays very high • The active supply current is in the range of 1mA/MIPS • The active supply current depends on the main clock frequency • Microcontrollers offer many supply modes in order to reduce power consumption Current consumption Electrical parameters Clocking Clocking • External Crystal Oscillator: – An external crystal oscillator is connected between XTAL inputs – Modifying clock frequency requires change of the physical object (crystal) – Clock stability can be high (1-10ppm) Clocking • Low Frequency Crystal Oscillator: – Optimised for low frequency crystals – mainly the 32.768 kHz – Similar stability like standard Crystal Oscillator Clocking • External RC Oscillator: – Very simple and cheap option – Just two discreet components necessary – Limited to a few MHz range – Ease of frequency regulation – Very low stability (100-1000 ppm) Clocking • Internal RC Oscillator: – Very simple and cheap option – Limited to a few MHz range – Ease of frequency regulation – only software register change necessary – Possibility of frequency calibration – Very low stability (100-1000 ppm) Clocking • External Clock: – The most expensive option – Just one (but complicated!) component necessary – the clock generator – Very wide frequency range available (even above 100MHz) – No possiblity of frequency regulation – High to Ultra high stability (0.000001 - 10 ppm)!!! Clocking • Internal PLL: – Requires external clock or external oscillator – Wide frequency range available – Ease of frequency regulation via software register – Stability depends on the clock source and the jitter of PLL. Usually not better than 1ppm Electrical parameters Reset Reset • During Reset: – all I/O Registers are set to their initial values – the program starts execution from the Reset Vector • The reset circuitry does not require any clock source to be running (it is asynchronous) Reset • In most microcontrollers there are available a few reset sources: – Power-on Reset. The MCU is reset when the supply voltage is below the Power-on Reset threshold (VPOT) – External Reset. The MCU is reset when a low level is present on the RESET pin for longer than the minimum pulse length – Watchdog Reset. The MCU is reset when the Watchdog Timer period expires and the Watchdog is enabled – Brown-out Reset. The MCU is reset when the supply voltage VCC is below the Brown-out Reset threshold (VBOT) and the Brown-out Detector is enabled Power-on Reset External Reset Brown-out Reset Watchdog Reset Electrical parameters I/O ports General I/O port structure I/O port with internal pull-up I/O port with push-pull Introduction - 8051 Introduction • Family of 8051 originates from Intel8051 microcontroller constructed in 1980 • 8051 microcontrollers were, for the long time, the most popular microcontrollers on the market Introduction • One of the source of success is the fact that 8051 base microcontrollers are offered by many vendors (e.g. Siemens, Infineon, Atmel, Philips, Dallas Semiconductors, Analog Devices) • 8051 based microcontrollers are still very popular because of backward compatibility and because present constructions are much more efficient than original ones Introduction – block diagram External interrupts Interrupt Control On-chip ROM for program code Timer/Counter On-chip RAM Timer 1 Timer 0 CPU OSC Bus Control 4 I/O Ports P0 P1 P2 P3 Address/Data Serial Port TxD RxD Counter Inputs Introduction - Architecture • Main features: – 8-bit CISC processor – Modified Harvard architecture (instructions and data on separate busses) – 4 banks of 8 x 8b universal registers – Instructions executed in 1, 2 or 3 instruction clock cycles (12 clock pulses) Introduction - Architecture • Main features: – – – – – – 4kB of internal ROM 128B of internal SRAM four parallel ports P0..P3 1 x UART Two timers (one used for UART transmission) interrupt subsystem with priorities Source: [1] PIC10 Source: [1] 8051 - pinout 8051 - pinout • Main pins: – RST – active high – EA – External Access – logic „0” means execution of program from internal ROM – PSEN - Program Store Enable – OE for external memory – ALE - Address Latch Enable – signal used for demultiplexing of data and address 8051 - registers A B R0 DPTR DPH DPL R2 PC PC R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 Some 8-bitt Registers of the 8051 Some 8051 16-bit Register Source: [1] R1 8051 – Main producers ChipCON (TI) – versions with internal wireless communications blocks Analog Devices – very good „Analog microcontrollers” with embedded, high-quality, analog-digital and digital-analog converters 8051 – Main producers Dallas Semiconductors – very high performance (33MIPS in comparison to original 1MIPS!!!); excellent communication blocks (CAN, Ethernet) NXP – a lot of „classical” models, power supply current reduction, improved performance 8051 by ChipCON (TI) Source: [2] 8051 by ChipCON CC2430 • Main features: – SoC chip – integrated processor and RF circuits – 8051 CPU, 32MHz – 8kB of SRAM – 128kB Flash – RF 2.4GHz, 802.15.4 transceiver – Low supply voltage – Very small component count Source: [3] CC2430 8051 by Analog Devices PIC12F615 – block diagram ADuC 824 • Named „Analog microcontroller”: – Main part are precision ADC’s and DAC’s – Microprocessor is only an addition • Fully integrated 24-bit data acquisition system • Software compatible with 8052 processors Source: [4] ADuC 824 ADuC 824 • Main features: – High Resolution Sigma-Delta ADCs • • • • • Two Independent ADCs (16- and 24-Bit Resolution) Programmable Gain Front End 24-Bit No Missing Codes, Primary ADC 13-Bit p-p Resolution @ 20 Hz, 20 mV Range 18-Bit p-p Resolution @ 20 Hz, 2.56 V Range – Memory: • 8kB Program Memory, 640 B Data Memory (Flash) • 256B Data RAM ADuC 824 • Main features: – 8051-Based Core • • • • • 8051-Compatible Instruction Set (12.58 MHz Max) 32 kHz External Crystal, On-Chip Programmable PLL Three 16-Bit Timer/Counters 26 Programmable I/O Lines 11 Interrupt Sources, Two Priority Levels – Power • Specified for 3 V and 5 V Operation • Normal: 3 mA @ 3 V (Core CLK = 1.5 MHz) • Power-Down: 20 uA (32 kHz Crystal Running) ADuC 824 • Main features: – On-Chip Peripherals • • • • • • • • On-Chip Temperature Sensor 12-Bit Voltage Output DAC Dual Excitation Current Sources Reference Detect Circuit Time Interval Counter (TIC) UART Serial I/O I2C®-Compatible and SPI® Serial I/O Watchdog Timer (WDT), Power Supply Monitor (PSM) ADuC 824 – Main ADC structure 8051 by Dallas Semiconductors Source: [5] PIC12F615 – Pinout Source: [5] DS80C410 • 8-bit network microcontroller • Many „connection” peripherals: – 10/100 Mbs Ethernet – 3 x serial ports – CAN 2.0B controller – 1-Wire Master – 64kB SRAM for TCP/IP stack Source: [6] PIC16 DS80C410 • Main features: – High-Performance Architecture • • • • Single 8051 Instruction Cycle in 54ns DC to 75MHz Clock Rate (1MIPS/4MHz) Flat 16MB Address Space Four Data Pointers with Auto-Increment/Decrement and Select-Accelerate Data Movement • 16/32-Bit Math Accelerator DS80C410 • Multitiered Networking and I/O – 10/100 Ethernet Media Access Controller (MAC) – Optional CAN 2.0B Controller – 1-Wire Net Controller – Three Full-Duplex Hardware Serial Ports – Up to Eight Bidirectional 8-Bit Ports (64 Digital I/O Pins) DS80C410 • Integrated Primary System Logic – 16 Total Interrupt Sources with Six External – Four 16-Bit Timer/Counters – 2x/4x Clock Multiplier Reduces Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) – Programmable Watchdog Timer – Oscillator-Fail Detection – Programmable IrDA Clock DS80C410 • Enhanced Memory Architecture – Selectable 8/10-Bit Stack Pointer for High-Level Language Support – 64kBytes Additional On-Chip SRAM Usable as Program/Data Memory – 16-Bit/24-Bit Paged/24-Bit Contiguous Modes – Selectable Multiplexed/Nonmultiplexed External Memory Interface – Merged Program/Data Memory Space Allows In-System Programming – Defaults to True 8051-Memory Compatibility DS80C410 – External memory merging Source: [6] DS80C410 – arithemtic coprocessor DS80C410 – Ethernet DS80C410 – ROM functions • Plenty useful functions can be found in DS80C410 ROM • Many function categories, e.g.: – Utility – Memory managing – Socket handling – DHCP functions – 1-Wire functions – and many, many more…. DS80C410 – ROM functions Thank you for your attention References [1] www.infineon.com [2] www.ti.com [3] CC2430 documentation; www.ti.com [4] ADuC845 documentation; www.analog.com [5] www.maxim-ic.com [6] DS80C410 documentation; www.maxim-ic.com [7] http://www.ise.pw.edu.pl/impuls/emisy/80c517um.p df [8] http://www.atmel.com/images/doc2486.pdf