Download File - Mr. Takos` Website

Name:
Date:
Period:
Hon World History
Chapter 16
Section 1 Notes
Hitler’s Lightning War
-After Hitler reclaimed Austria, the Rhineland, and the Sudetenland, he now had his eyes
set on the Polish Corridor and the port city of Danzig
-The Non-Aggression Pact signed between Hitler and Stalin had vowed the two
nations would not attack each other in a time of war
-Secretly the two nations laid out plans to divide Poland between them, with the
Soviets reclaiming Finland and the Baltic nations of Latvia, Lithuania, and
Estonia
-Britain and France vowed that an attack on Poland would mean war
-On September 1, 1939 Hitler launched his invasion into Poland using a new war
technique he called a blitzkrieg or lightning war
-Planes softened the infrastructure of major cities and key targets, while tanks and
personnel carriers swiftly occupied regions caught off guard
-1.5 million German soldiers invaded Poland during the assault
-On Sept. 3 France and Britain declared war on Germany, but could offer no help to the
Poles; Germany had taken the Western half of the nation
-On Sept. 17 Stalin invaded the Eastern half of Poland and soon took the nations of the
Baltic States
-Finland proved to be more difficult as they fought on skis during the harsh winter
-For 7 months, French and British troops sat across the Germans along the Maginot Line
with no fighting, became known as the “phony war” or Germans called it the sitzkrieg
-Then on April 9, 1940, Hitler launched an invasion capturing Denmark in 4
hours and Norway two months later
-Planned to build bases along the two coastlines to attack Britain from
-Hitler now split his army and attacked through Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg
-The other half swept through the Ardennes Forest where there was little French
resistance due to the denseness of the forest
-Within weeks, the German army had conquered most of France and pushed British and
French defenders to the beaches at Dunkirk, where they were surrounded
-The evacuation of Dunkirk saw the rescue of over 300,000 soldiers using 850
boats of every variety and civilians under intense German fire
-Italy entered the war against France and Britain on June 10th and attacked France from
the South
-On June 14th Paris fell and on June 22nd the country surrendered to German
occupation
-Charles de Gaulle set up a Free French Government in Britain and
commanded French resistance fighters from there
-After the defeat of France, Hitler now turned his attention to Britain
-Churchill vowed that the nation would never give in to the Nazis
-Operation Sea Lion became the code name for Hitler’s planned invasion of Britain
-First, he wanted to knock out the Royal Air Force and then land 250,000 troops
to occupy the nation
-The RAF was outnumbered 2,000 to 4,500
-At first, Hitler concentrated on aircraft and airfields to try and cripple the Br.
-Then he began to bomb cities, like London, focusing on civilians to try and hurt
Br. morale
-With the creation of radar in the late 1930’s and a German Enigma in their
possession, the British were able to counter-attack and coordinate defenses
-Sustaining heavy losses during the daytime, Hitler began bombing at night
-Eventually, the Battle of Britain ended on May 10, 1941 with Hitler turning his
attention to Eastern Europe
-During the Battle of Britain, Italy launched a campaign into North Africa to try and
capture the Suez Canal and valuable oil fields
-The British pushed the Italians back 500 miles and were on the move, until Hitler
sent Erwin Rommel known as the Desert Fox and his Afrika Korps
-Eventually, Rommel pushed Britain out of most of North Africa
-Hitler now looked to secure the Balkans for his planned invasion of the Soviet Union
-Bulgaria, Romania, and Hungary all cooperated with the Germans
-Yugoslavia and Greece were forced to surrender in April of 1941
-Had pro-British governments at the time
On June 22, 1941 Hitler launched Operation Barbarossa or the invasion of the Soviet
Union with a Blitzkrieg
-The Soviets were not able to muster a defense and Hitler pushed into Soviet
territory 500 miles
-The Soviets did use a scorched earth policy leaving nothing behind for
the German army to use
-The Battle of Leningrad saw the city cut off from all supplies and the citizens were force
to endure a horrible winter
-More than 1 million would die, but the Germans would never capture the city
-An attack on Moscow proven to be ineffective, as the German were equipped for
a summer attack and not ready for the harsh Russian winter
-Hitler would lose more than 500,000 soldiers in the invasion
-In the summer of 1941, Roosevelt and Churchill met in Newfoundland to discuss US
entry into the war
-The Atlantic Charter vowed the freed nations would be able to elect their own
governments after the war
-Roosevelt ordered the destruction of all German submarines on sight
-US passed the Lend-Lease Act in March of 1941
Japan Strikes in the Pacific
-In the late 1890’s and early 1900’s, Japan began to build an empire to help with
overcrowding and find new sources of raw materials
-In 1931, the Japanese took over Manchuria and soon began to expand across
China and SE Asia
-Eventually, would control a large portion of the Pacific Rim
-As Japan expanded, the US funded China and cut of oil to Japan after their conquest of
French Indochina
-US intelligence intercepted codes that indicated Japan was going to target the US
Philippines and Guam
-Isoroku Yamamoto saw Pearl Harbor in Hawaii as the greatest threat to Japanese
success in the Pacific
-On December 7, 1941 the Japanese launched an attack at Pearl Harbor catching the US
off guard, despite numerous indications an attack was imminent
-The attack lasted two hours and saw 18 ships sunk or damaged and 2,400 dead
-Another 1000 were wounded
-The Japanese onslaught quickly began and they captured more than 1 million square
miles of land and controlled 150 million people
-On April 16, 1942 the US sent bombers under the command of James Doolittle to bomb
Tokyo in revenge for the attack on Pearl Harbor
-Proved that the Japanese were not invincible
-In early May 1942, the US and Australia turned back an attempt by the Japanese to
capture a port in New Guinea that would of allowed an attack into Australia
-Known as the Battle of the Coral Sea
-The US now intercepted a code indicating an attack at Midway Island by 150 Japanese
ships
-Pacific Fleet Commander Chester Nimitz was prepared for the attack and despite
being outnumbered destroyed 332 planes and all four Japanese aircraft carriers
involved
-Served as the turning point in the war in the Pacific
-Douglas MacArthur, Commander of allied forces in the Pacific now coordinated a policy
of island hopping where the US would take islands one at a time and use them as a
launching point
-The Battle of Guadalcanal would be one of the bloodiest in the war with
causality rates over 50% for both sides
The Allies are Victorious
-The German army had been fighting in the Soviet Union since June of 1941
-A stalemate existed between the two sides outside the cities of Moscow and
Leningrad
-Germany now turned their attention to Stalingrad a valuable manufacturing
center on the Volga River and the oil fields in the Caucasus Mountains
-The German Luftwaffe bombed the city and practically destroyed every building
-Stalin ordered his namesake protected at all costs
-Germany had occupied 90% of the city when winter set in during 1942
-The Soviets now encircled the Germans in the city cutting off their
supplies
-Germans in Stalingrad surrendered in January 1943
-In all, the Soviets loss more than 1 million defending the city
-The Battle of Stalingrad was the turning point of the war in Eastern Europe and
the Soviets now advanced on Germany
-Stalin was pressuring the British and US to open a second front against Germany in
Western Europe, but the leaders did not believe they had enough troop power to launch a
successful invasion
-Instead, they launched Operation Torch into North Africa led by General Dwight
D. Eisenhower
-In November 1942, 107,000 troops landed in Casablanca, Morocco and
Algiers to fight against the Afrika Korps of Gen. Erwin Rommel the
“Desert Fox”
-Germany surrendered in Africa by May of 1943
-Before the Battle of North Africa was over Churchill and Roosevelt met in Casablanca
to discuss the outcomes of the war and where to launch the next attack
-Decided to accept only terms of an unconditional surrender from Germany and to
launch an invasion into Italy
-After the capture of Sicily in the summer of 1943, the King of Italy Victor Emmanuel III
had Mussolini arrested, he would later be sentenced to death
-Italy would not be totally free of German forces until 1945, when Germany was
on the verge of collapse
-Operation Overlord became the plan to invade France and free Western Europe
-Dwight D. Eisenhower was in charge of the plan for D-Day
-Over 3 million American, British, and Canadian troops would be used in the invasion at
Normandy
-Staged a phantom army to invade the Port of Calais to throw off German
intelligence
-June 6, 1944 became the launching date for D-Day, infantry parachuted behind German
lines and ships bombarded German entrenchments before the landing on the coast
-Casualties were still extremely heavy, especially on Omaha Beach
-General Omar Bradley was able to launch a campaign at St. Lo that breached enemy
lines and allowed George Patton to lead the Third Army south of Paris to the Seine River
-Paris would be liberated on August 25th of 1944
-By September of 1944, France, Belgium, and Luxembourg were all free of German
forces and FDR was reelected to a fourth term in office
-The Battle of the Bulge was Hitler’s last attempt to break Allied lines and split British
and American troops
-Used tanks and planes to create a 60 mile bulge near Aachen in Germany
-After one month the line was restored; Germany lost 120,000 troops, 600 tanks,
and 1,600 planes and the final major war effort
-120 US POW’s were killed during the battle
-The Soviets were the first to come across the Nazi death camps in Poland finding
thousands of starving prisoners and evidence of the death left behind by the Germans
-By April 25th, the Soviets were pushing into Berlin and German soldiers were
attempting to flee; many were shot by their own officers for treason
-On April 30th, Hitler and his wife Eva Braun committed suicide, their bodies would be
burned by German officers in accordance with orders from Hitler
-On May 8, 1945 V-E Day or Victory in Europe was celebrated
-A month earlier of April 12th, the president died from a stroke and Harry Truman
assumed the Presidency
The War in the Pacific
-Japanese officials now turned to Kamikaze or suicide plane attacks to try and destroy
American ships during the Battle of Leyte Gulf off the coast of the Philippines
-They lost another 4 aircraft carriers, 13 cruisers, and 500 planes in the battle
-In April of 1945 at the Battle of Okinawa, the US lost 7,600 compared to the 110,000
Japanese who died; many committed suicide refusing to surrender
-Many British and Americans believed that taking the Japanese Islands would cost more
then 1 million American lives and over 500,000 British
-The Atomic Bomb, successfully tested in July of 1945 under the supervision of
Robert Oppenheimer now seemed a logical option for Pres. Truman
-On August 6, 1945 the Enola Gay dropped Little Boy over Hiroshima
-Three days later Fat Man was dropped over the city of Nagasaki
-The loss of life and devastation was horrifying
-Japan surrendered to the US on September 2, 1945 aboard the USS Missouri
-At the Yalta Conference, Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin sat down to discuss post-war
Europe
-Stalin demanded a Germany divided into occupation zones, while Churchill
argued against it
-Roosevelt acted as mediator knowing he needed Stalin to help against Japan and
to help support his vision of a United Nations
-The Nuremberg War Trials would see 12 of the 24 surviving, captured Nazi leaders
sentenced to death for war crimes associated with Nazi death camps
-Mac Arthur was left in chare of the rebuilding of occupied Japan, which would last for 7
years
-He established a free-market economy and a democracy known as the
Mac Arthur Constitution
-After the war, the GI Bill helped to send millions of troops to college and job training
-The Japanese American Citizens League pushed for repayment of losses due to Japanese
forced relocation into internment camps in America during the war
-Only about 1/10th would be repayed
Name:
Date:
Period:
-Hitler-Non-Aggression Pact-Blitzkrieg-Baltic States-Maginot Line-Dunkirk-Italy-De Gaulle-Operation Sea Lion-Battle of Britain-Erwin Rommel-Hitler and E. Europe-Battle of Leningrad-Atlantic Charter-Lend Lease Act-Japan-Manchuria-Yamamoto-Pearl Harbor-Japanese Conquest-Doolittle-Battle of Coral Sea-Mac Arthur-Battle of Guadalcanal-Battle of Stalingrad-Operation Torch-Afrika Korps-Meeting at Casablanca-Mussolini-Operation Overlord-Eisenhower-D-Day-Allied victory in Paris-Battle of the Bulge-Death Camps-Hitler’s Suicide-V-E Day-Kamikaze-Battle of Okinawa-Atomic Bomb-Robert Oppenheimer
-Enola Gay-Yalta Conference-Nuremberg Trials-
-Mac Arthur
Hon World History
Chapter 16
Study Guide
Name:
Date:
Period:
Hon World History
Chapter 16
Section 1 Notes
Hitler’s Lightning War
-After Hitler reclaimed _______, the_________, and the Sudetenland, he now had his
eyes set on the ______ Corridor and the port city of ______
-The ___-_________ Pact signed between ______ and ______ had vowed the two
nations would not _______ each other in a time of war
-_______ the two nations laid out plans to divide ______ between them, with the
Soviets reclaiming _______ and the ______ nations of Latvia, __________, and
_______
-_______ and _______ vowed that an attack on Poland would mean war
-On September 1, 1939 Hitler launched his invasion into Poland using a new war
technique he called a __________ or __________ war
-______ softened the infrastructure of major ______ and ___ targets, while _____
and personnel carriers _______ occupied regions caught off guard
-_______________ German ________ invaded Poland during the assault
-On _______ France and Britain declared war on Germany, but could offer no help to the
Poles; Germany had taken the __________ half of the nation
-On Sept. 17 Stalin invaded the __________ half of Poland and soon took the nations of
the _______ States
-______ proved to be more difficult as they fought on ___ during the harsh winter
-For________, French and British troops sat across the Germans along the ______ ____
with no fighting, became known as the “_____ ___” or Germans called it the _________
-Then on April 9, 1940, Hitler launched an invasion capturing ________ in 4
hours and _______ two months later
-Planned to build _____ along the two ________ to attack ________ from
-Hitler now split his army and attacked through________, Holland, and ____________
-The other half swept through the _________ ______where there was little
French _________ due to the denseness of the forest
-Within weeks, the German army had _________ most of ______ and pushed British and
French defenders to the beaches at ________, where they were surrounded
-The ___________ of Dunkirk saw the rescue of over ________ soldiers using
850 ______ of every variety and civilians under intense German fire
-_____ entered the war against France and Britain on June 10th and attacked France from
the _____
-On June 14th _____ fell and on June 22nd the country surrendered to German
__________
-Charles __ _______ set up a Free French Government in _______ and
commanded French _________ fighters from there
-After the defeat of France, ______ now turned his attention to Britain
-___________ vowed that the nation would never give in to the Nazis
-Operation ___ _____ became the code name for Hitler’s planned _________ of Britain
-First, he wanted to knock out the ______ ___ ______ and then land 250,000
_______ to occupy the nation
-The RAF was outnumbered ______ to _______
-At first, Hitler concentrated on ________ and ________ to try and cripple the Br.
-Then he began to bomb_____, like______, focusing on civilians to try and hurt
Br. _______
-With the creation of _____ in the late 1930’s and a German ______ in their
possession, the British were able to _______-______ and coordinate defenses
-Sustaining _____ losses during the daytime, Hitler began bombing at _____
-Eventually, the Battle of Britain ended on ____________ with Hitler turning his
attention to _______ Europe
-During the Battle of Britain, _____ launched a campaign into _____ _______ to try and
capture the _____ ______ and valuable ____ fields
-The British pushed the Italians back ____ _____ and were on the move, until
Hitler sent Erwin ______ known as the ______ ____ and his ______ _____
-Eventually, Rommel pushed _______ out of most of North Africa
-Hitler now looked to secure the _______ for his planned invasion of the ______ ______
-_________, Romania, and _______ all cooperated with the Germans
-_____________ and _______ were forced to surrender in April of 1941
-Had pro-_______ governments at the time
On June 22, 1941 Hitler launched Operation ___________ or the invasion of the Soviet
Union with a __________
-The Soviets were not able to muster a _______ and Hitler pushed into Soviet
territory ___________
-The Soviets did use a ________ ______ policy leaving nothing ______
for the German army to use
-The Battle of ________ saw the city cut off from all _______ and the citizens were force
to endure a horrible winter
-More than _________ would die, but the Germans would never capture the city
-An attack on _______ proven to be ineffective, as the German were equipped for
a _______ attack and not ready for the harsh Russian ______
-Hitler would lose more than _________ soldiers in the invasion
-In the summer of 1941, _________ and Churchill met in ____________ to discuss US
entry into the war
-The ________ ________vowed the ______ nations would be able to ____ their
own governments after the war
-Roosevelt ordered the destruction of all German ___________ on sight
-US passed the _____-______ Act in March of 1941
Japan Strikes in the Pacific
-In the late 1890’s and early 1900’s, Japan began to build an empire to help with
overcrowding and find new sources of raw materials
-In 1931, the Japanese took over Manchuria and soon began to expand across
China and SE Asia
-Eventually, would control a large portion of the Pacific Rim
-As Japan expanded, the US funded China and cut of oil to Japan after their conquest of
French Indochina
-US intelligence intercepted codes that indicated Japan was going to target the US
Philippines and Guam
-Isoroku Yamamoto saw Pearl Harbor in Hawaii as the greatest threat to Japanese
success in the Pacific
-On December 7, 1941 the Japanese launched an attack at Pearl Harbor catching the US
off guard, despite numerous indications an attack was imminent
-The attack lasted two hours and saw 18 ships sunk or damaged and 2,400 dead
-Another 1000 were wounded
-The Japanese onslaught quickly began and they captured more than 1 million square
miles of land and controlled 150 million people
-On April 16, 1942 the US sent bombers under the command of James Doolittle to bomb
Tokyo in revenge for the attack on Pearl Harbor
-Proved that the Japanese were not invincible
-In early May 1942, the US and Australia turned back an attempt by the Japanese to
capture a port in New Guinea that would of allowed an attack into Australia
-Known as the Battle of the Coral Sea
-The US now intercepted a code indicating an attack at Midway Island by 150 Japanese
ships
-Pacific Fleet Commander Chester Nimitz was prepared for the attack and despite
being outnumbered destroyed 332 planes and all four Japanese aircraft carriers
involved
-Served as the turning point in the war in the Pacific
-Douglas MacArthur, Commander of allied forces in the Pacific now coordinated a policy
of island hopping where the US would take islands one at a time and use them as a
launching point
-The Battle of Guadalcanal would be one of the bloodiest in the war with
causality rates over 50% for both sides
The Allies are Victorious
-The German army had been fighting in the Soviet Union since June of 1941
-A stalemate existed between the two sides outside the cities of Moscow and
Leningrad
-Germany now turned their attention to Stalingrad a valuable manufacturing
center on the Volga River and the oil fields in the Caucasus Mountains
-The German Luftwaffe bombed the city and practically destroyed every building
-Stalin ordered his namesake protected at all costs
-Germany had occupied 90% of the city when winter set in during 1942
-The Soviets now encircled the Germans in the city cutting off their
supplies
-Germans in Stalingrad surrendered in January 1943
-In all, the Soviets loss more than 1 million defending the city
-The Battle of Stalingrad was the turning point of the war in Eastern Europe and
the Soviets now advanced on Germany
-Stalin was pressuring the British and US to open a second front against Germany in
Western Europe, but the leaders did not believe they had enough troop power to launch a
successful invasion
-Instead, they launched Operation Torch into North Africa led by General Dwight
D. Eisenhower
-In November 1942, 107,000 troops landed in Casablanca, Morocco and
Algiers to fight against the Afrika Korps of Gen. Erwin Rommel the
“Desert Fox”
-Germany surrendered in Africa by May of 1943
-Before the Battle of North Africa was over Churchill and Roosevelt met in Casablanca
to discuss the outcomes of the war and where to launch the next attack
-Decided to accept only terms of an unconditional surrender from Germany and to
launch an invasion into Italy
-After the capture of Sicily in the summer of 1943, the King of Italy Victor Emmanuel III
had Mussolini arrested, he would later be sentenced to death
-Italy would not be totally free of German forces until 1945, when Germany was
on the verge of collapse
-Operation Overlord became the plan to invade France and free Western Europe
-Dwight D. Eisenhower was in charge of the plan for D-Day
-Over 3 million American, British, and Canadian troops would be used in the invasion at
Normandy
-Staged a phantom army to invade the Port of Calais to throw off German
intelligence
-June 6, 1944 became the launching date for D-Day, infantry parachuted behind German
lines and ships bombarded German entrenchments before the landing on the coast
-Casualties were still extremely heavy, especially on Omaha Beach
-General Omar Bradley was able to launch a campaign at St. Lo that breached enemy
lines and allowed George Patton to lead the Third Army south of Paris to the Seine River
-Paris would be liberated on August 25th of 1944
-By September of 1944, France, Belgium, and Luxembourg were all free of German
forces and FDR was reelected to a fourth term in office
-The Battle of the Bulge was Hitler’s last attempt to break Allied lines and split British
and American troops
-Used tanks and planes to create a 60 mile bulge near Aachen in Germany
-After one month the line was restored; Germany lost 120,000 troops, 600 tanks,
and 1,600 planes and the final major war effort
-120 US POW’s were killed during the battle
-The Soviets were the first to come across the Nazi death camps in Poland finding
thousands of starving prisoners and evidence of the death left behind by the Germans
-By April 25th, the Soviets were pushing into Berlin and German soldiers were
attempting to flee; many were shot by their own officers for treason
-On April 30th, Hitler and his wife Eva Braun committed suicide, their bodies would be
burned by German officers in accordance with orders from Hitler
-On May 8, 1945 V-E Day or Victory in Europe was celebrated
-A month earlier of April 12th, the president died from a stroke and Harry Truman
assumed the Presidency
The War in the Pacific
-Japanese officials now turned to Kamikaze or suicide plane attacks to try and destroy
American ships during the Battle of Leyte Gulf off the coast of the Philippines
-They lost another 4 aircraft carriers, 13 cruisers, and 500 planes in the battle
-In April of 1945 at the Battle of Okinawa, the US lost 7,600 compared to the 110,000
Japanese who died; many committed suicide refusing to surrender
-Many British and Americans believed that taking the Japanese Islands would cost more
then 1 million American lives and over 500,000 British
-The Atomic Bomb, successfully tested in July of 1945 under the supervision of
Robert Oppenheimer now seemed a logical option for Pres. Truman
-On August 6, 1945 the Enola Gay dropped Little Boy over Hiroshima
-Three days later Fat Man was dropped over the city of Nagasaki
-The loss of life and devastation was horrifying
-Japan surrendered to the US on September 2, 1945 aboard the USS Missouri
-At the Yalta Conference, Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin sat down to discuss post-war
Europe
-Stalin demanded a Germany divided into occupation zones, while Churchill
argued against it
-Roosevelt acted as mediator knowing he needed Stalin to help against Japan and
to help support his vision of a United Nations
-The Nuremberg War Trials would see 12 of the 24 surviving, captured Nazi leaders
sentenced to death for war crimes associated with Nazi death camps
-Mac Arthur was left in chare of the rebuilding of occupied Japan, which would last for 7
years
-He established a free-market economy and a democracy known as the
Mac Arthur Constitution
-After the war, the GI Bill helped to send millions of troops to college and job training
-The Japanese American Citizens League pushed for repayment of losses due to Japanese
forced relocation into internment camps in America during the war
-Only about 1/10th would be repayed