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Intertidal zone ~ Biome Extension 1. Distributions: For almost all organisms in the intertidal zones, the distribution is clumped around the tide pools. This applies to starfish, muscles and sea anemones. They do this because the tide pool is rich in nutrients and provides some protection during low tide. Exceptions to this include crabs, hermit crabs and isopods. Their distribution is nearly random as they are mainly found under rocks. Density Dependant: Size of tide pool Amount of pools Water level Over reproduction Over predation Disease Density Independent: Weather Pollution from humans The tide cycles Organisms being separated and preventing reproduction 3. Reproduction type Mussels They are K selected populations because they produce a lot of offspring due to threats of predators, so it is an attempt to not have them all die before reproduction. Sea stars They are K selected populations because they produce many eggs. They lay over two millions eggs at one time and most of them hatch but few survive because they grow on plankton which is a popular food source for many sea-dwelling organisms. Hermit Crabs They are also K selected populations because of their mass spawning on beaches. The eggs are then carried out to the ocean by waves, where they hatch. 4. Symbiosis Commensalism- an organism living with, on, or in another organism without injury to either itself or the other organism. An example of this in an intertidal zone is sponges and crustaceans. Mutualism-a relationship between two species of organisms in which both benefit from the association. An example of this is cleaner shrimp fish and fungal growth. Parasitism-a relationship between organisms in which one lives as a parasite and harms the other organism. An example of this is round worms on fish. 5. Batesian Mimicry – resemblance of a harmless species of a species that is avoided by predators. An example, though not in our biome, is the king snake. Cryptic Coloration-a color that conceals or disguises an organism’s shape. In our biome, shellfish use this. Deceptive Markings – markings that trick predators. Mollusks use this. Mullerian Mimicry – resemblance of two or more unpalatable species which are avoided more than one the species. Flatworms mimic sponges to avoid predators.