Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
SBI 4UI Molecular Genetics Unit Review Terms: Nucleotide DNA RNA (mRNA, rRNA, tRNA) Chromosome Chromatid Tetrad Cross over Meiosis Purine Pyrimidine Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine Uracil Ribose Deoxyribose DNA polymerase Anti-parallel RNA primer Leading strand Lagging strand Replication fork Helicase Gyrase Ligase Okazaki fragments Semi-conservative Griffith Hershey & Chase Telomere Prion Gene Epigenetics RNA polymerase Rho factor TATA Box Intron Exon Spliceosome 7-methylguanine cap Poly A Tail Gene Operon Promoter Operator Jacob & Monod Mutation Direct repair Excision Repair Restriction enzymes Sticky ends Gene Cloning DNA gel electrophoresis PCR Transformation RFLP RNAi Key Concepts: 1. Describe the structure of DNA. How does it differ from RNA? 2. What process occurring during meiosis ensures variation in the offspring? 3. If a DNA strand’s sequence reads: 3’ ATTGGCTACCATAG 5’, what will the opposite strand’s sequence be (as read from the 5’ to 3’ direction)? 4. Explain how DNA is replicated. Include all necessary enzymes and be sure to explain how synthesis of the leading and lagging strand differ. 5. What are telomeres and what purpose do they serve? 6. Explain how Griffith’s experiment helped to establish that genetic material can transform organisms. 7. How did Hershey and Chase demonstrate that DNA and not protein is the genetic material? 8. Explain how transcription occurs, including enzymes. 9. Describe the three ways in which mRNA is modified before leaving the nucleus in eukarytoes. 10. Explain how translation occurs, including enzymes. 11. What is an operon, as defined by Jacob and Monod? 12. Explain negative gene regulation in the lac operon of E. coli. 13. Explain how positive gene regulation works in the lac operon. 14. Explain how co-repression occurs in the tryp operon of E. coli. 15. Describe the different ways that genes are regulated in eukaryotes. 16. What is a mutation? What it the difference between the following types of mutations: chromosomal (such as aneuploids, polyploids, chromosomal, silent, frameshift, mis-sense. 17. How are mutations repaired? Describe the two methods. 18. Suppose one of the strands of a DNA molecule is used as a template for transcription. The base sequence is 3’ UACCGACGCCTA 5’ . (a) What is the mRNA sequence? (b) What protein fragment would this sequence code for? (c) What would the protein be like if an A were inserted in between the 3rd and 4th bases in the original DNA molecule? (d) What type of mutation is represented in (c)? 19. What are restriction enzymes? How are these enzymes useful in molecular genetics? 20. Explain how DNA gel electrophoresis works. What is an RFLP and how does it relate to DNA fingerprinting? 21. What is PCR and how does it work? 22. Describe the steps necessary to transform a bacterial cell. What genes did we introduce into the bacteria? In our laboratory experiment how did we know that the transformation was successful? Textbook Questions to try: p. 281-283 #1, 3, 8, 11, 14, 17, 24, 25 p. 324-329 #3-15, 20-28, 30-36, 42, 43, 45