Download Molecular Genetics Test Review

SBI 4UI
Molecular Genetics Unit Review
Terms:
Nucleotide
DNA
RNA (mRNA, rRNA, tRNA)
Chromosome
Chromatid
Tetrad
Cross over
Meiosis
Purine
Pyrimidine
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Uracil
Ribose
Deoxyribose
DNA polymerase
Anti-parallel
RNA primer
Leading strand
Lagging strand
Replication fork
Helicase
Gyrase
Ligase
Okazaki fragments
Semi-conservative
Griffith
Hershey & Chase
Telomere
Prion
Gene
Epigenetics
RNA polymerase
Rho factor
TATA Box
Intron
Exon
Spliceosome
7-methylguanine cap
Poly A Tail
Gene
Operon
Promoter
Operator
Jacob & Monod
Mutation
Direct repair
Excision Repair
Restriction enzymes
Sticky ends
Gene Cloning
DNA gel electrophoresis
PCR
Transformation
RFLP
RNAi
Key Concepts:
1. Describe the structure of DNA. How does it differ from RNA?
2. What process occurring during meiosis ensures variation in the offspring?
3. If a DNA strand’s sequence reads: 3’ ATTGGCTACCATAG 5’, what will the opposite strand’s sequence be (as
read from the 5’ to 3’ direction)?
4. Explain how DNA is replicated. Include all necessary enzymes and be sure to explain how synthesis of the
leading and lagging strand differ.
5. What are telomeres and what purpose do they serve?
6. Explain how Griffith’s experiment helped to establish that genetic material can transform organisms.
7. How did Hershey and Chase demonstrate that DNA and not protein is the genetic material?
8. Explain how transcription occurs, including enzymes.
9. Describe the three ways in which mRNA is modified before leaving the nucleus in eukarytoes.
10. Explain how translation occurs, including enzymes.
11. What is an operon, as defined by Jacob and Monod?
12. Explain negative gene regulation in the lac operon of E. coli.
13. Explain how positive gene regulation works in the lac operon.
14. Explain how co-repression occurs in the tryp operon of E. coli.
15. Describe the different ways that genes are regulated in eukaryotes.
16. What is a mutation? What it the difference between the following types of mutations: chromosomal (such as
aneuploids, polyploids, chromosomal, silent, frameshift, mis-sense.
17. How are mutations repaired? Describe the two methods.
18. Suppose one of the strands of a DNA molecule is used as a template for transcription.
The base sequence is 3’ UACCGACGCCTA 5’ .
(a) What is the mRNA sequence?
(b) What protein fragment would this sequence code for?
(c) What would the protein be like if an A were inserted in between the 3rd and 4th bases in the original
DNA molecule?
(d) What type of mutation is represented in (c)?
19. What are restriction enzymes? How are these enzymes useful in molecular genetics?
20. Explain how DNA gel electrophoresis works. What is an RFLP and how does it relate to DNA fingerprinting?
21. What is PCR and how does it work?
22. Describe the steps necessary to transform a bacterial cell. What genes did we introduce into the bacteria?
In our laboratory experiment how did we know that the transformation was successful?
Textbook Questions to try:
p. 281-283 #1, 3, 8, 11, 14, 17, 24, 25
p. 324-329 #3-15, 20-28, 30-36, 42, 43, 45