Download Nervous System 11-16

Nervous System 11-15
Organization of the Nervous System
1. Choose the key responses that best correspond to the descriptions provided in the following
statements. Insert the appropriate letter in the answer blanks.
a. somatic nervous system (SNS)
b. Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
c. central nervous system (CNS)
d. peripheral nervous system (PNS)
_____ 1. Nervous system subdivision that is composed of the brain and spinal cord
_____ 2. Subdivision of the PNS that controls voluntary activities such as the activation of skeletal
muscles
_____ 3. Nervous system subdivision that is composed of the cranial and spinal nerves and ganglia
_____ 4. Subdivision of the PNS that regulates the activity of the heart and smooth muscle and of
glands; it is also called the involuntary nervous system
_____ 5. A major subdivision of the nervous system that interprets incoming information and issues
orders
_____ 6. A major subdivision of the nervous system that serves as communication lines, linking all
parts of the body to the CNS
Neurons
2. Using key choices, select the terms identified in the following descriptions by inserting the
appropriate letter in the spaces provided.
a. synapse
b. Schwann cells
c. ganglion
d. neurotransmitters
e. nodes of Ranvier
f. cutaneous sense organs
_____ 1. Sensory receptors found in the skin, which are specialized to detect temperature, pressure
changes, and pain
_____ 2. Specialized cells that myelinate the fibers of neurons found in the PNS
_____ 3. Gaps in a myelin sheath
_____ 4. Junction or point of close contact between neurons
_____ 5. Collection of nerve cell bodies found outside the CNS
_____ 6. Chemicals released by neurons that stimulate other neurons, muscles, or glands
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3. Figure 11-1 is a diagram of a neuron. First, label the parts indicated on the illustration by leader
lines. Then choose different colors for each of the structures listed below and use them to color in
the coding circles and corresponding structures in the illustration. Next, circle the term in the list
of three terms to the left of the diagram that best describes this neuron’s structural class. Finally
draw arrows on the figure to indicate the direction of impulse transmission along the neuron’s
membrane.
axon
dendrites
cell body
myelin sheath
Unipolar
Bipolar
Multipolar
Figure 11-1
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4. Relative to neuron anatomy, match the anatomical terms given in Column B with the appropriate
descriptions of function provided in Column A. Place the correct letter response in the answer
blanks.
Column A
Column B
_____ 1. Releases neurotransmitters
_____ 2. Conducts electrical currents toward
the cell body
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
myelin sheath
dendrite
cell body
axon terminal
axon
_____ 3. Increases the speed of impulse transmission
_____ 4. Location of the nucleus
_____ 5. Generally conducts impulses away from the
cell body
Membrane Potentials
5. Using the key choices, identify the terms defined in the following statements. Place the correct
letter response in the answer blanks.
a. sodium-potassium pump
b. sodium ions
c. repolarization
d. polarized
e. depolarization
f. action potential
g. refractory period
h. potassium ions
_____ 1. Period of repolarization of the neuron during which it cannot respond to a second stimulus
_____ 2. State in which the resting potential is reversed as sodium ions rush into the neuron
_____ 3. Electrical condition of the plasma membrane of a resting neuron
_____ 4. Period during which potassium ions diffuse out of the neuron
_____ 5. Transmission of the depolarization wave along the neuron’s membrane
_____ 6. The chief positive intracellular ion in a resting neuron
_____ 7. Process by which ATP is used to move sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions
back into the cell; completely restores the resting conditions of the neuron
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Cerebral Hemispheres
6. Complete the following statements by inserting your answers in the answer blanks.
____________________ 1. The largest part of the human brain is the (paired) _1_. The other major
subdivisions of the brain are the _2_ and the _3_. The cavities found in
____________________ 2. the brain are called _4_. They contain _5_.
____________________ 3.
____________________ 4.
____________________ 5.
7. Figure 12-1 is a diagram of the right lateral view of the human brain. First, match the letters on the
diagram with the following list of terms and insert the appropriate letters in the answer blanks.
Then, select different colors for each of the areas of the brain provided with a color-coding circle
and use them to color in the coding circles and corresponding structures in the diagram.
_____ 1.
frontal lobe
_____ 5.
medulla
_____ 2.
parietal lobe
_____ 6.
occipital lobe
_____ 3.
temporal lobe
_____ 7.
pons
_____ 4.
cerebellum
Figure 12-1
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Homeostatic Imbalances of the Brain
8. Match the brain disorders listed in Column B with the conditions described in Column A. Place the
correct answers in the answer blanks.
Column A
Column B
_____ 1. Slight and transient brain injury
_____ 2. Traumatic injury that destroys brain tissue
_____ 3. Total nonresponsiveness to stimulation
_____ 4. After head injury, retention of water by brain
a.
b.
c.
d.
contusion
concussion
coma
cerebrovascular
accident (CVA)
e. cerebral edema
f. Alzheimer’s disease
Structure of the Eyeball
9. Using the key choices, identify the parts of the eye described in the following statements. Insert
the correct letter response in the answer blanks.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
vitreous humor
suspensory ligament
sclera
cornea
retina
choroid coat
g. iris
h. fovea
i. ciliary body
j. optic disk
k. lens
l. aqueous humor
_____
1. Attaches the lens to the ciliary body
_____
2. Fluid that fills the anterior chamber of the eye; provides nutrients to the lens and cornea
_____
3. The “white” of the eye
_____
4. Area of the retina that lacks photoreceptors; the blind spot
_____
5. Contains muscle that controls the shape of the lens
_____
6. Nutritive (vascular) tunic of the eye
_____
7. Tunic, containing the rods and cones
_____
8. Gel-like substance filling the posterior cavity of the eyeball; helps to reinforce the eyeball
_____
9. Heavily pigmented tunic that prevents light scattering within the eye
_____ 10. Colored part of the eye
_____ 11. Area of acute or discriminatory vision
_____ 12. A transparent, flexible structure that can change shape to allow precise focusing
_____ 13. Anteriormost part of the sclera, your “window on the world”
_____ 14. Tunic composed of tough, white fibrous connective tissue
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The Ear: Hearing and Balance
10. Using the key choices, select the terms that apply to the following descriptions. Place the correct
letter in the answer blanks.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
tympanic membrane
auditory tube
semicircular canals
hammer (malleus)
pinna
anvil (incus)
g. round window
h. stirrup (stapes)
i. oval window
j. external auditory canal
l. cochlea
_____
1. _____ 2. _____ 3. Structures composing the outer ear
_____
4. _____ 5. _____ 6. Collectively called the ossicles
_____
7. Ear structure not involved with hearing
_____
8. Allows pressure in the middle ear to be equalized with the atmospheric pressure
_____
9. Vibrates as sound waves hit it; transmits the vibrations to the ossicles
_____ 10. Contains the organ of Corti
_____ 11. Connects with the nasopharynx and the middle ear
_____ 12. Contain receptors for the sense of equilibrium
_____ 13. Transmits the vibrations from the stirrup to the fluid in the inner ear
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