Download FORMATIVE Test 1 (M)

STAGE 2 BIOLOGY
FORMATIVE SACE TEST
HERITAGE COLLEGE
A CHRISTADELPHIAN SCHOOL
ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA
TOPIC: MACROMOLECULES
Name: ____________________________
Section A: Multiple-Choice Questions
1.
The ‘message’ of the genetic code of a DNA molecule is contained in
J the composition of the sugar molecules.
K the sequence of the nitrogenous bases.
L the arrangement of the phosphate groups.
M the alternation of sugars and phosphates.
2.
The exact replication of DNA is possible due to
J the genetic code.
K DNA being made up of sugar and phosphate molecules.
L complementary base-pairing rules.
M the fact that DNA molecules are enclosed within a nuclear membrane.
3.
According to the induced fit hypothesis of enzyme function, which of the following is correct?
J The binding of the substrate depends on the shape of the active site.
K Some enzymes become denatured when activators bind to the substrate.
L The active site creates a microenvironment ideal for the reaction.
M The binding of the substrate changes the shape of the enzyme slightly.
4.
Which of the following statements is true about tRNA molecules?
J They bind to DNA, initiating translation.
K They have greater molecular sizes than mRNA molecules.
L They transfer the genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
M They transfer specific amino acids to the location of translation.
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5. Some of the most effective antibiotics work by blocking the movement of the ribosome along
prokaryotic mRNA. The antibiotic erythromycin works in this way. If it is administered, the following
immediate effect would be expected to take place in a bacterial cell:
J inhibition of transcription of DNA to RNA
K inhibition of translation of RNA to protein
L inhibition of transcription of DNA to protein
M inhibition of DNA replication
6. A length of DNA that codes for part of a polypeptide is known to contain 633 base pairs. Which one
of the following combinations of number of codons and number of amino acids in the polypeptide is
most likely to be associated with this length of DNA?
Number of Codons
Number of amino acids in the polypeptide
J
1266
422
K
633
211
L
422
422
M
211
211
Rate of enzyme-controlled rx
7. Refer to the following graph, which shows the effect of increasing substrate concentration on the rate
of an enzyme-controlled reaction. All other quantities in the experiment were kept constant.
R
Q
Substrate concentration
It is reasonable to conclude that at
J Q the increase in the rate of reaction is due to an increase in enzyme concentration.
K Q there are unoccupied active sites on the substrate.
L R the rate of reaction may be limited by enzyme concentration.
M R the reaction has stopped because the substrate concentration is too high.
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8.
9. A food product is made by a process during which proteins are broken down into their original
building blocks. For this reason it would be expected that this product might be high in
J amino acids
K salts
L sugars
M nucleotides
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10. Refer to the following table, which shows the mRNA codons for six amino acids:
Amino acid
glutamine
phenylalanine
lysine
proline
threonine
valine
mRNA codon
GAU
UUC
AAG
CCU
ACC
GAA
A small section of a protein has the following amino acid sequence:
glu-lys-pro-val-thr
The DNA base sequence that could be translated to produce this section of protein is
J GAT
AAG
CCT
GAA
ACC
K CUA
UUC
GGA
CUU
UGG
L CTA
TTC
GGA
CTT
TGG
M GAU
AAG
CCU
GAA
ACC
11. On a strand of mRNA, 20% of the bases are uracil (U), 10% of the bases are cytosine (C), and 50% of
the bases are adenine (A).
The mRNA strand was transcribed from a strand of DNA.
What percentage of the bases on this strand of DNA would be cytosine?
J 10%
K 20%
L 30%
M 40%
12. The shape of the active site of an enzyme molecule can be altered by
J adding more of the enzyme in question.
K the presence of molecules with a shape similar to that of the active site.
L the presence of molecules with a shape complimentary to that of its substrate.
M increasing the temperature
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Section B: Short Answer
1. The following equation represents an enzyme-controlled reaction, which occurs in many cells.
Succinic acid + FAD
Fumaric acid + FADH2
(a) Name the enzyme.
________________________________________________________________________
(2)
(b) Name the reactants.
________________________________________________________________________
(2)
(c) Malonic acid has a molecular shape which is very similar to that of succinic acid. Use this
information to explain why the addition of malonic acid causes the rate of production of fumaric
acid to decrease.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(2)
2. Examine the diagram of a specific structure found in a large polypeptide molecule.
(a)
Name this specific structure.
______________________________________
(b)
What level of structure does this reveal?
______________________________________
(c)
What other structure is found at this level?
______________________________________
(6)
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3. In the space below explain what is meant by ‘semi-conservative’ replication of DNA. Use a clear
diagram to aid in your answer.
(4)
4. Examine the diagram below of proteins associated with a cell membrane.
out
(i).
(ii).
(iii).
in
(a) State the type of protein molecule at (i), and describe its function.
________________________________________________________________________
(2)
(b) State the type of protein molecule at (ii), and describe its function.
________________________________________________________________________
(2)
(c) Explain why the molecule at (i) may affect some cells in the body, but not others.
________________________________________________________________________
(2)
(d) State the type of molecule that makes up the structure at (iii).
________________________________________________________________________
(2)
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5. Some substances that are classed as biological poisons work by interrupting enzyme action. Describe
one way this ‘interruption’ may occur inside a cell to produce adverse affects.
(4)
Section C: Extended Response
Answer one of the questions in this section.
Write your answer on the answer sheet provided. You should spend about 12-15 minutes on this section,
about 3-5 minutes planning and 9-10 minutes writing. An ‘A’ level performance will show a clear, wellexpressed answer that is well organised, relevant to the question, and demonstrates a deep and broad
level of understanding.
1. Enzymes are key to many critical reactions in the cell. Two key enzymes found in the cell are RNA
polymerase and DNA polymerase.
 Explain the similarities between these two enzymes in structure and role;
 Explain how they are molecules that are ‘made to fit’ the specific molecules they interact with in
the reactions they play a part in;
 Explain the key differences in purpose between these two molecules.
(15)
OR
2. Explain and describe what is meant by the following statement:
“DNA is the chemical unit of genetic information, while the chromosome is the structural
unit, and the gene is the functional unit.”
(15)
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Extended Response Answer Sheet
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