Download Chapter 4: Minerals

Chapter 4: Minerals
Earth’s crust is composed of ___________ minerals. Name some examples
of how minerals have shaped history…
Mineral Characteristics
What is the definition of a mineral? A mineral is
1. Naturally Occurring and Inorganic
a. To say that a mineral is naturally occurring means that it is
formed by _______________ processes. ______________
diamonds and other substances made in laboratories are
therefore, not ______________________.
b. Minerals are inorganic, which means that they aren’t
____________, and never were __________ during any part
of their existence. Your book mentions sugar and coal. Why
are these substances not minerals?
2. Solids with specific compositions
a. Solids have definite _____________ and ______________.
b. Each type of mineral has a ______________________ unique
to that mineral. Some minerals, such as ________,
____________, and __________ are made of a single
element; but most are made of ________________.
Additionally, the _______________ and proportion of the
chemicals that make up the mineral are also unique to that
mineral.
3. Definite Crystalline Structure
a. The ________ in minerals are arranged in regular
_____________ patterns that are repeated. A __________
is a solid in which the atoms are arranged in repeating patterns.
Minerals from Magma
Minerals can form from the ______________ of magma. Magma is
________________ material found beneath Earth’s surface. The type and
amount of _____________ present in the magma help to determine which
minerals will form. The rate of _______________ determines the size of
the mineral crystals. In general, the _______________ it takes the
magma to cool, the larger the crystals will be.
Minerals from Solution
A given volume of water in a solution can only ________________ so
much of a solid before the water becomes ________________. In nature,
if a solution becomes _____________, mineral crystals begin to
______________, or drop out of solution. Also, when water evaporates,
minerals can form.
Identifying Minerals
1. Color
a. Why is the use of color an inaccurate way of identifying a
mineral sample?
2. Luster
a. This is the way a mineral ________________ light from its
surface.
b. Lusters can be described as _____________ or
____________________. Examples of nonmetallic luster
include:
3. Texture
a. This describes how a mineral feels to the ____________.
List some mineral textures…
4. Streak
a. This is the color of a mineral when it is ___________ and
powdered. Often, a mineral’s ___________ does not match
its ____________. A mineral’s streak rarely changes.
5. Hardness
a. This is a measure of how __________ a mineral can be
scratched. The Moh’s scale of hardness uses minerals that
(except for Diamond) are readily found in nature. _______
is #1 on the scale, diamond is _________.
6. Cleavage and Fracture
a. Minerals break along planes where ___________________
is weak. A mineral that splits easily and evenly is said to
have ____________.
7. Density and Specific Gravity
a. Differences in weight are the result of differences in
____________. Because it is not dependent on size or
shape of a mineral, ____________ is a very useful
identification tool.
b. What is specific gravity?
Special Properties
Name some minerals and their unique special properties.
Mineral Uses (there is an extra credit for this, too!)
Ores
A mineral is an ore if it contains ____________________ that can
be mined for profit. _______________ is an ore for iron.
Gems
These are valuable minerals that are prized for their _________ and
___________. They can be cut, polished, and used for jewelry.
Chapter Review (due the day before the next test)
Understanding Main Ideas #1-15
Applying Main Ideas 16, 17
Thinking Critically 21