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AP Biology Study Guide Chapter 9a: Patterns of Inheritance (9.1-10 Mendel’s Laws) Opening Essay Explain how canine genetics can provide insight into human inheritance. Mendel’s Laws Describe pangenesis theory and the blending hypothesis. Explain why both ideas are now rejected. Explain why Mendel’s decision to work with peas was a good choice. Define and distinguish between true-breeding organisms, hybrids, the P generation, the F1 generation, and the F2 generation. Define and distinguish between the following pairs of terms: genotype and phenotype; dominant allele and recessive allele; heterozygous and homozygous. Also, define amonohybrid cross and a Punnett square. Explain how Mendel’s law of segregation describes the inheritance of a singlecharacteristic. Describe the genetic relationship between homologous chromosomes. Explain how Mendel’s law of independent assortment applies to a dihybrid cross.Illustrate this law with examples from Labrador retrievers and Mendel’s work with peas. Explain how a testcross is performed to determine the genotype of an organism. Explain how and when the rule of multiplication and the rule of addition can be used to determine the probability of an event. Explain why Mendel was wise to use large sample sizes in his studies. Explain how family pedigrees can help determine the inheritance of many human traits. Explain how recessive and dominant disorders are inherited. Provide examples of each. Compare the health risks, advantages, and disadvantages of the following forms of fetal testing: amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, and ultrasound imaging. Describe the ethical dilemmas created by advances in biotechnology. C. Gay 10/8/08 Steamboat Springs High School AP Biology Key Terms achondroplasia phenotype allele Punnett square amniocentesis recessive allele carrier rule of addition character rule of multiplication chorionic villus sampling (CVS) self-fertilize cross testcross cross-fertilization trait cystic fibrosis true-breeding dihybrid cross ultrasound imaging dominant allele F1 generation F2 generation genotype heterozygous homozygous Huntington’s disease hybrid inbreeding law of independent assortment law of segregation monohybrid cross P generation pedigree C. Gay 10/8/08 Steamboat Springs High School AP Biology
