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Transcript
The End of WW2 name: Terms • __________________ – city in Germany where Nazi war crimes trials were held • United Nations (UN) – __________________________________________________________________ • ____________________ – state of tension and hostility between the United States and its allies and the Soviet Union and its allies; rarely resulted in direct armed conflict • _________________________ – the policy of limiting communism to the areas already under Soviet control • Marshall Plan – __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ • _____________________________________________ (NATO) – a military alliance among several North Atlantic states to safeguard them from the presumed threat of the Soviet Union’s communist bloc • Warsaw Pact – __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ What issues arose in the aftermath of World War II and how did new tensions develop? As many as ________________________ had been killed in World War II. After it ended, the Allies faced difficult decisions about the future. The ________________________________________________________________________ ________. The U.S. Marshall Plan offered aid in rebuilding Europe. But the Soviet Union and the West quickly developed into worldwide rivals—the beginning of the ________________________ In 1945, ________________________________________________________________________ and other countries were in ruins. • Cities, factories, harbors, bridges, and railroads were destroyed. • More than twenty million refugees ________________________________ • __________________________________________________ were rampant. The Allies ____________________________________________________. After the war, the horrors committed by the ________________________ became apparent to the world. • The full extent of the inhumanity of the Holocaust was revealed. • At the ______________________________________, a number of Nazi leaders were tried for war crimes and sentenced to death. Similar trials were held in Japan. • The Allies built new democratic governments in ________________________________________ to promote tolerance and peace. The __________________________________ was another attempt to promote peace. • In April 1945, delegates from ___________ met to form a ____________________________________________ • Each nation had one vote. However, the five permanent members of the Security Council—the __________________________________________________________________ _____________________—could veto any decision. • The UN was given the authority to back up its resolutions with economic sanctions or ________________________________________________. ________________________________________________________________________ ____________ between the former Allies. The United States and Britain wanted Stalin to ____________________________________________ in Soviet-occupied Eastern Europe. Stalin ignored his promise. He wanted to ___________________________ and make Eastern Europe a buffer against Germany. Conflicting ideologies and ______________________________ soon led to ____________________________. By 1948, _______________________________________________________________, backed by the Red Army. New conflicts developed outside of Eastern Europe. Stalin was menacing _______________, and also ____________________ in the Dardanelles. President Harry Truman set forth the _____________________________________. This policy said that communism should be limited to the areas already under Soviet control. The United States helped ____________________________________________________ in Western Europe. • The ________________________________________________________ to decimated countries. • • Truman hoped the Marshall Plan would ___________________________________________________________. Stalin refused the aid and forbade Eastern European countries to accept aid. Germany became a focus of the Cold War. • Western Allies united their zones of control and _______________________________. • The _________________________________________ to rebuild the German economy. • Stalin held on to East Germany. • In an effort to drive Western powers out of Berlin, Stalin ___________________________________ to the parts of the city they controlled in June 1948. • The United States and Britain organized the ______________________ to drop food and supplies into West Berlin. • After more than a year, __________________________________________ As tensions grew, ________________________________________ took shape. Twelve countries, including the United States and nations in Western Europe, formed _______________. Members pledged to _____________________________________________________________ The Soviet Union and its satellites in Eastern Europe formed the _________________________. The Soviets often used Warsaw Pact troops to keep its satellites in order. NATO Countires: Warsaw pact Countries: -