Download The End of WWII

The End of WWII
Aftermath
United Nations
Alliances Break
Victories and Casualties
• WWII had killed as many as
50 million people around the
world. In Europe alone,
nearly 30 million people had
lost their lives, more than
half of them civilians.
• The Soviet Union suffered
the worst casualties with
over 20 million dead.
• Over 20 million refugees
wandered Europe.
• Hunger, disease, devastation
and mental illness took their
toll long after the war ended.
Nuremberg Trials
• Allies agreed that the Axis
leaders should be held on trial
for “crimes against humanity.”
• In Germany, the Allies held war
crimes trials in Nuremberg,
where Hitler had staged mass
rallies in the 1930s.
• Nearly 200 Germans and
Austrians were tried, and most
were found guilty. were held in
Japan.
• The trials showed that political
and military leaders could be
held accountable for actions in
wartime.
Establishing the United Nations
• Over 50 nations met in San
Francisco to draft a charter.
• Each member has one vote
in the General Assembly.
• Five permanent U.N.
members, called the
Security Council, has greater
powers; they can veto any
council decision.
• The Security Council can
apply economic sanctions
and send a peace-keeping
military force.
The Goal of the U.N.
• Preventing the outbreak of
diseases.
• Improving education.
• Protecting refugees.
• Helping nations develop
economically.
• World Heath Organization
• Food and Agricultural
Organization.
• Save future generations
from war.
• Reaffirm human rights.
• Establish equal rights for all
persons.
The Alliance Breaks Apart
• A new power structure emerged
between the United States and
the Soviet Union as new world
leaders.
• The United States abandoned its
traditional policy of isolationism
to counter the spread of
communism.
• Councils and peace agreements
that were conducted throughout
WWII had grown more and more
divisive—highlighting the
differences between Western
and Eastern powers.
• Distrust, suspicion and tension
grew and led to a conflict known
as the Cold War.
The Cold War Begins
• Stalin had two goals: spread
communism in Eastern
Europe and create a buffer
zone against Germany.
• United States and Britain
didn’t consult Stalin about
peace terms in Italy or
Japan.
• “Free election” in Eastern
Europe.
• Communist parties
destroyed rival political
parties.
The Truman Doctrine
• “ I believe that it must be
the policy of the United
States to support free
peoples who are resisting
attempted subjugation by
armed minorities or by
outside pressures.”
• Idea of containment:
limiting communism to the
areas already under Soviet
control.
• Would guide the United
States in matters of foreign
policy for decades.
The Truman Doctrine
The Marshall Plan
• Postwar hunger and poverty
made Western Europe fertile
ground for communist ideas.
• U.S. offered a massive aid
package designed to
strengthen and rebuild Europe
called The Marshall Plan.
• Billions of dollars in American
aid helped Europe recover
rapidly.
• President Truman also offered
aid to the Soviet Union and
countries under Stalin’s control
in Eastern Europe but Stalin
declined.
The Marshall Plan
Germany Stays Divided
• The Soviets had taken
factories and other resources
in its eastern zone to rebuild
the Soviet Union.
• The Western Allies decided to
unite their zones of
occupation and extend the
Marshall Plan to western
Germany.
• The Soviets were furious at
Western moves to rebuild the
German economy and deny
them reparations.
• Each side strengthened their
hold on either west or east
Germany .
The End of WWII: Review
• WWII killed as many as ___ million people around the world.
• The _______ _______ suffered the worst casualties with over
20 million dead.
• In Germany, the Allies held war crimes trials in __________
where Hitler had staged mass rallies in the 1930s.
• The trials showed that political and military leaders could be
held ____________ for actions in wartime.
• Over ____ nations met in San Francisco to draft a charter.
• The Security Council can apply _________ sanctions and send
a peace-keeping _________ force.
• The U.N. sought to: _________ education, ________ refugees
and combat __________.
The End of WWII: Review
• A new power structure emerged between the _______
________ and the ________ _________ as new world leaders.
• Distrust, suspicion and tension grew and led to a conflict
known as the ____ ___.
• Stalin had two goals: spread __________ in Eastern Europe
and create a buffer zone against ________.
• “Free ________” in Eastern Europe.
• Idea of ___________: limiting communism to the areas
already under Soviet control.
• U.S. offered a massive aid package designed to strengthen and
rebuild Europe called ___ _________ _____.
• The Western Allies decided to _____ their zones of occupation
and ______ the Marshall Plan to western Germany.