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Name _____________________________________________date _________ period __ Physical Science Unit 6 Motion 1. Permanent magnets – are magnetic all the time (___________________) Other substances can be made into _______________ magnets by placing a strong permanent magnet __________ them or by stroking them with a permanent magnet. 2. Materials are classified as either magnetically __________ or ________. Hard – easily __________________ but looses magnetic properties easily. Soft – difficult to magnetize but ________ ________ ________________ its magnetic properties. 3. Magnetic Force - the ____________________ __________ exerted by magnets. It depends on: * the _______________ of the magnet * the ___________________ an object is from the magnet 4. Magnetic Poles - Magnets have a pair of _____________, a north pole and a south pole. Like poles _____________ (S/S or N/N) Unlike poles ________________ (N/S) Just like with ______________________ ___________________ 5. Magnetic Fields - The ________________ where a magnetic force can be _______. Magnetic Field lines are used to show the ___________________ field. A _______ needle will always point along a ______________ _________. The lines are close together where the magnetic force is __________, and spread out where it is ______ 6. Earth as a Magnet - Earth acts like a giant ________ magnet. It has a ___________ and ____________ pole. These magnetic poles are not the same as the __________ poles. The pole that is above Canada is actually a magnetic ______________ pole and the one in Antarctica is a _______________ pole – to reduce confusion they are named for the ___________________ pole 7. Earth’s magnetic field has ________________ direction more than _____ times in the last 5 million years. 8. Magnetism and Electric Current - In 1820, Hans Oersted found that _____________ is produced by moving ________________ _____________ by experimenting with the effects of an electric current on the _________________ of a compass. 9. A ______________-carrying wire creates a ________________ field that forms in concentric circles ____________ the wire. Right Hand Rule – if you hold a wire in your right hand with your thumb pointing in the direction of the____ current, your fingers would curl in the direction of the _____________________ field. 10.The ________________ field created by the current-carrying wire is very ________ To create a __________________ magnetic field: Increase the ____________ in the wire Wrap the wire in a ____________ (solenoid) 11.Solenoids - Each __________ of wire adds to the ______________ of the magnetic field of the loop next to it. The _________________ of the magnetic field depends on the ________________ of loops of wire and the amount of ________________ in the wire. 12.Electromagnet - If you add an ___________ rod in the center of the _____________ (in a solenoid) it will create an ___________________. This adds to the magnetism of the coil creating a ____________________ magnet. 13.Electromagnetic Devices - _____________________ – used to measure _________ in ammeters and voltage in voltmeters. Electric motors – convert _______________ energy to ___________________ energy to cause motion. Stereo speakers – magnetic ______________cause motion that produce ________________ waves 14.Faraday’s Law - An _________________ current can be produced in a circuit by a _________________________ magnetic field. Electromagnetic _______________ -moving a ______________ in and out of a coil of ______________ - causes charges in the wire to move. 15.Electric Generator - converts ___________________ energy to ________________ energy by electromagnetic induction 16.Alternating Current (____) - For each ½ rotation of the ___________ loop, the current produced by the generator _____________________ direction or alternates. 17.Electricity in Your Home - The electricity you use in your home is created by large ______________________ at the power plants. The ___________________energy used to power the _____________________ can come from: Running water (dams), burning coal, nuclear fission, wind, hot water (geothermal) 18.The ________________________ coming from a power plant is too strong for you to use in your home. 19.Transformers - _______________ or __________________ the voltage so that it can be used. Step up – _______________ voltage primary coil < secondary coil Step down – _________________ voltage primary coil > secondary coil