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武汉大学生命科学学院 2006-2007 学年度第二学期期末考试 《病毒学》B 试卷 姓名 学号 专业 得分 一.判断对错题,正确的选项请在括号中填写“╋”错误的选项填写“━” (60*1= 60 分) Are the following statements true or false? ( )1. Ribosomal frameshifting allows viruses to produce a polyprotein from an mRNA. ( )2. Ribosomal frameshifting allows viruses to produce varying amounts of different proteins from an mRNA. ( )3. Suppression of termination codons allows some viruses to produce multiple proteins from a polycistronic mRNA. ( )4. Viruses with non-segmented minus-sense genomes produce monocistronic mRNAs. ( ) 5. Viruses with minus-sense genomes always contain a virus-specific transcriptase/replicase within the virus nucleocapsid. ( )6. Viruses with non-segmented miuns-sense genomes are translated to produce a single long polyprotein. ( )7. Retrovirused are the only RNA viruses whose genomes are transcribed by cellular RNA polymersase. ( )8. Hepadnavirus and Caulimovirus genomes contain a number of overlapping reading frames. ( )9. Treatment of virus infections with drugs is cost effective compared with vaccination. ( )10. Any of the stages of virus replication can be potential target for antiviral chemotherapy. ( )11. The majority of antiviral drugs in use are nucleoside/nucleotide analogues. ( )12. Ribavirin is only active against influenza virus. ( )13. Viruses may become resistant to antiviral drugs. ( )14. Subunit vaccines are generally the most effective and least expensive virus vaccines. ( )15. The hepatitis B virus vaccine currently in use is produced by genetic engineering. ( )16. Inactivated virus vaccines are sometimes not as effective as 'live' virus vaccines because they fail to stimulate mucosal and cell-mediated immunity. ( )17. The majority of successful virus vaccines are currently based on attenuated viruses. ( )18. Retroviruses have been successfully used as vectors for gene therapy. ( )19. Most disease states are multi-factorial. ( )20. Inflammation, fever, headaches and skin rashes are frequently not caused by virus replication, but the immune response to virus infection. ( )21. The vast majority of virus infections do not result in disease. Viruse with plus-sense RNA genome (true or false?): ( )22. are largely independent of cellular mechanisms for control of gene expression. ( )23. are always expressed as subgenomic RNAs. ( )24. are always translated to produce a single long polyprotein. ( )25. can produce varying ratios of the polypeptides they encode by mechanisms such as alternative cleavages of polyproteins and variable translation efficiency of subgenomic RNAs. Transformed cells may display(true or false?) ( )26. loss of anchorage dependence. ( )27. loss of contact inhibition. ( )28. colony formation in semi-solid media. ( )29. Decreased requirements for growth factors. ( )30. increased requirements for growth factors. ( )31. Increased expression of p53. PrPc(true or false?) ( )32. is a 254 amino acid protein. ( )33. is encoded by a cellular gene. ( )34. is converted by PrPSc to a protease-resistant form. ( )35. consists of 30percent alpha-helix and 43 percent beta-sheet. ( )36. is resistant to short-wave ultraviolet radiation and to ionizing radiation. (13). Do the following virus groups possess lipid envelopes (true or false?) Orthomyxoviruses Paramyxoviruses Picornaviruses Rhabdoviruses Tobamoviruses ( )37. Populations of virus genomes consisting of mixtures of molecular variants are known as quasispecies. ( ) 38. Site-specific molecular biological methods are commonly used to mutagenize virus genomes. About retroviruses (true or false?): ( ( ( ( ( ) 39. Reverse transcriptase is also expressed by hepadnaviruses and caulimoviruses. ) 40. Are the only RNA viruses whose genome is produced by cellular transcriptional machinery. )41. Are the only plus-sense RNA viruses whose genome does not serve directly as mRNA immediately after infection. )42. Have low mutation rates, due to the high fidelity of reverse transcriptase )43. Have a high rate of recombination, due to reverse transcription. Are the following statements true or false? ( )44. Virus penetration of cells is an energy-dependent process. ( )45. influenza haemagglutinin is a virus fusion protein. ( )46. Uncoating only occurs in the nucleus of the host cell. ( )47. The product of uncoating is usually a complex of nucleic acids and virus proteins. ( )48. Nucleoproteins associated with virus genomes are responsible for cell penetration. ( )49. Virus receptor molecules are always proteins. ( )50. Most viruses have more than one receptor molecular. ( )51. No known plant virus used a cellular receptor. ( )52. Sialic acid is the influenza virus receptor. ( )53. The expression of receptors on the surface of cells is the major factor which determines the tropism of viruses. ( )54. Adenoviruses encode their own DNA polymerase. ( )55. Poxviruses encode their own DNA polymerase and are independent of cellular enzymes for genome replication. ( )56. Reovirus genomes are transcribed by a virus enzyme present in the particle. ( )57. All RNA virus genomes are replicated in the nucleus of the host cell. ( )58. Retrovirus genomes are transcribed by cellular RNA polymerase. ( )59. Reovirus transcription occurs inside virus core particles. ( )60. Segmented virus genomes are usually transcribed to produce polycistronic mRNAs. 二.问答题 1.逆转录病毒与 DNA 肿瘤病毒都可以引起细胞转化,请比较两类病毒引起细 胞转化的机制有何不同。(10 分) 2.病毒入侵宿主细胞,在遭受免疫系统的攻击后,有哪些策略逃避免疫应答? (10 分) 3.请画图描述病毒的一步生长曲线,并解释曲线的不同阶段所代表的意义(10 分) 4.根据病毒基因组以及复制方式的不同,病毒可分为几大类? (10 分)