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Chapter7 This activity contains 50 questions. The axial skeleton can be recognized because it: includes the bones of the arms and legs forms the longitudinal axis of the body includes the bones of the pectoral and pelvic girdles all of the above The human skeleton contains: 206 bones 260 bones 126 bones 80 bones Of the following selections, the one that includes bones found exclusively in the axial skeleton is: skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, hyoid vertebrae, ischium, ilium, skull, ribs ear ossicles, scapula, clavicle, sternum, hyoid sacrum, ear ossicles, skull, scapula, ilium The axial skeleton creates a framework that supports and protects organ systems in the: pleural cavity pericardial cavity abdominal cavity dorsal and ventral body cavities There are ________ cranial bones, _______ facial bones, _______ auditory ossicles, and ______ hyoid. 8, 12, 6, 2 10, 14, 3, 1 8, 14, 6, 1 14, 8, 3, 1 Which of the following collections of bones includes ones that are unpaired in the skull? nasal and zygomatic lacrimal and maxillary parietal and temporal occipital and frontal The associated bones of the skull include the: mandible and maxilla hyoid and auditory ossicles vomer and palatine nasal and lacrimal The sagittal suture joins: the nasal bones to the frontal bone the frontal and parietal bones the temporal and zygomatic bones the parietal bones to each other The sutures that articulate the bones of the skull are: calvaria, foramen, condyloid, lacerum posterior, anterior, lateral, dorsal lambdoidal, sagittal, coronal, squamosal parietal, occipital, frontal, temporal The bones that make up the eye socket or orbit include: lacrimal, ethmoid, sphenoid parietal, zygomatic, maxilla temporal, frontal, sphenoid ethmoid, temporal, zygomatic Foramina, located on the bones of the skull, serve primarily as passageways for: airways and ducts for secretions sound and sight nerves and blood vessels muscle fibers and nerve tissue The lines, tubercles, crests, ridges, and other processes on the bones represent areas which are used primarily for: joint articulation attachment of muscles to bones increasing the surface area of the bone attachment of bone to bone The superior and middle nasal conchae can be found as a part of which bone? nasal maxilla lacrimal sphenoid ethmoid The sinuses or internal chambers in the skull are found in: ethmoid, frontal, lacrimal, maxillary bones lacrimal, vomer, ethmoid, frontal bones sphenoid, frontal, ethmoid, maxillary bones sphenoid, ethmoid, vomer, lacrimal bones The nasal complex consists of the: maxilla, lacrimal, and ethmoidal concha frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones inferior concha all of the above In which of the following groups does each bone contain a sinus? nasal, ethmoid, sphenoid frontal, sphenoid, occipital, temporal frontal, maxillary, zygomatic, temporal ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, maxillary The mucus membrane of the paranasal sinuses responds to environmental stress by: breaking up air flow in the nasal cavity accelerating the production of mucus creating swirls and eddies in the sinuses all of the above The reason the skull can be distorted without damage during birth is: fibrous connective tissue connects the cranial bones fusion of the ossification centers is completed shape and structure of the cranial elements are elastic the brain is large enough to support the skull In a warm climate, which fontanel might indicate dehydration in an infant? mastoid sphenoid occipital anterior The most significant growth in the skull occurs before 5 years of age because: the ossification and articulation process is completed the brain stops growing and cranial sutures develop the cranium of a child is larger than that of an adult brain development is incomplete until maturity The primary spinal curves that appear late in fetal development: help shift the trunk weight over the legs become accentuated as the toddler learns to walk accommodate the lumbar and cervical regions accommodate the thoracic and abdominopelvic viscera An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is called: amphiarthrosis scoliosis kyphosis lordosis Which of the following statements about the thoracic cage is FALSE? The false ribs are also known as vertebrochondral ribs. Depressing the ribs causes a decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavity. The costal cartilages allow increased flexibility in the ribs, such that the ribs can bend and move to cushion shocks or absorb some blows. The sternum does not ossify until an individual reaches 30 years of age. The largest and most massive of the vertebrae are the: thoracic lumbar sacral cervical Of the following, which correctly identifies the sequence of the vertebrae from superior to inferior? thoracic, cervical, lumbar, coccyx, sacrum cervical, lumbar, thoracic, sacrum, coccyx cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx cervical, thoracic, sacrum, lumbar, coccyx Which of the following is NOT likely to cause kyphosis? chronic contraction of muscles that insert on the vertebrae osteoporosis with compression fractures affecting the anterior portions of the vertebral bodies abnormal vertebral growth abdominal obesity causing an exaggeration of the lumbar curvature C1 and C2 have specific names, which are the: atlas and axis atlas and coccyx sacrum and coccyx cervical and costal The sacrum consists of five fused elements that afford protection for: urinary, respiratory, and digestive organs reproductive, digestive, and excretory organs endocrine, respiratory, and urinary organs respiratory, reproductive, and endocrine organs The primary purpose of the coccyx is to provide: an attachment site for a muscle that closes the anal opening protection for the anal opening an attachment site for leg muscles protection for the urinary organs The first seven pairs of ribs are called true ribs, while the lower five pairs are called false ribs because: they do not attach directly to the sternum they differ in shape from the true ribs the fused cartilages merge with the costal cartilage they do not attach directly to the vertebrae The skeleton of the chest or thorax consists of: cervical vertebrae, ribs, sternum cervical vertebrae, ribs, thoracic vertebrae cervical vertebrae, ribs, pectoral girdle thoracic vertebrae, ribs, sternum The three components of the adult sternum are the: pneumothorax, hemothorax, tuberculum head, capitulum, tuberculum angle, body, shaft manubrium, body, xiphoid process Brain growth, skull growth, and completed cranial suture development occur: before birth before age 5 between ages 5 and 10 right after birth The area of the greatest degree of flexibility along the vertebral column is found from: T1–T6 T7–T12 L1–L5 C3–C7 After a hard fall, compression fractures or compression/dislocation fractures most often involve the: sacrum and coccyx first two cervical vertebrae last thoracic and first two lumbar vertebrae fifth lumbar and sacrum Intervertebral discs are found between all the vertebrae except between: L5 and the sacrum the sacrum and coccyx C1 and C2 and the sacrum and coccyx C1 and T1, T12 and L1, and the sacrum and coccyx The intervertebral foramina: allow a vertebra to articulate with the vertebrae directly superior and inferior provide a point of attachment for the ligamentum nuchae permit the passageway of nerves to and from the spinal cord reduce friction by serving as cushioning between the vertebral bodies The skull articulates with the vertebral column at the: C1 and C2 lambdoidal sutures occipital condyles foramen magnum The long framework of the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland is the: crista galli sella turcica frontal squama styloid process The growth of the cranium is usually associated with: the expansion of the brain the closure of the sutures the development of the fontanels the time of birth Beginning at the superior end of the vertebral canal and proceeding inferiorly: the diameter of the cord and the size of the neural arch decrease the diameter of the cord decreases and the size of the neural arch increases the diameter of the cord and the size of the neural arch increase the diameter of the cord increases and the size of the neural arch decreases The vertebrae that are directly articulated with the ribs are: thoracic only thoracic and lumbar cervical only cervical and thoracic The head of a rib articulates at: the body of the vertebrae body of the sternum the transverse process of the vertebrae the costal cartilage Joey feels the bones of his vertebral column under his skin as he runs his fingers along his back. What part of a vertebral bone is he actually feeling? transverse foramina transverse process body superior and inferior articulating facets spinous process The bones that conduct sound vibrations from the tympanum to the inner ear are the: lacrimal bones auditory ossicles occipital condyles maxillae A diagnosis of lordosis indicates what spinal condition? swayback osteoporosis lateral curvature round back TMJ syndrome is a misalignment of the _______ at the temporomandibular joint. maxillary bone spinous process sphenoid bone mandible On examination of a vertebral bone, you notice not only that it contains a vertebral foramen but also that two foramina are in the transverse processes of the vertebrae. This bone comes from which portion of the vertebral column? cervical thoracic sacral lumbar The parietal bone is located in the: thoracic cage sacrum cranium inner ear The foramen magnum connects the ______ with the ______. nasal cavity, lacrimal fossa cranial cavity, spinal cavity occipital bone, temporal bone hypoglossal nerves, cranial nerves Chapter 8: This activity contains 50 questions. The clavicles articulate with a bone of the sternum called the: manubrium deltoideus xiphoid process scapula The surfaces of the scapulae and clavicles are extremely important as sites for: nourishment of muscles and bones muscle attachment positions of nerves and blood vessels support and flexibility The spine of the scapula is located on the bone's ______ side. lateral posterior anterior medial The bones of the pectoral girdle include the: ulna and radius clavicle and scapula ilium and ischium humerus and scapula The olecranon fossa on the humerus is located on the bone's ______ side. anterior medial posterior lateral In a female, the angle at pubic symphysis is greater than ____. 90 degrees 25 degrees 75 degrees 50 degrees The bone of the ankle that is just posterior to the medial cuneiform is called the: posterior cuneiform talus navicular bone posterior phalanx The bones of the pelvic girdle include the: ilium, ischium, and acetabulum tibia and fibula ilium, pubis, and ischium coxa, patella, and acetabulum The primary function of the pectoral girdle is to: support and maintain the position of the skull position the shoulder joint and provide a base for arm movement protect the organs of the thorax provide areas for articulation with the vertebral column The malleolus of the fibula is always on the ______ aspect of the leg. medial anterior lateral posterior The large medial bone of the lower leg is the: fibula humerus tibia femur A prominent deviation that runs along the center of the posterior surface of the femur, which serves as an attachment site for muscles that abduct the femur, is the: linea aspera trochanteric crest trochanteric lines greater trochanter The general appearance of the pelvis of the female compared with the male is that the female pelvis is: relatively deep heart shaped broad, light, and smooth robust, heavy, and rough In the female pelvis, you would expect the iliac crests to be _______. closer together than in the male pelvis the same distance apart as in the male pelvis further apart than in the male pelvis much closer together than in the male pelvis The sacrum and the coccyx are curved in: neither the male nor the female pelvis the male pelvis the female pelvis both the male and female pelvis When you sit down, you are resting your weight on your: obturator foramen ischial tuberosities iliac crests all of the above On the clavicle, the ______ articulates with the manubrium. sternal end conoid tubercle acromial end coracoid process Which of the following is (are) used in determining the age of a skeleton? the size and roughness of bone markings the presence or absence of epiphyseal plates the mineral content of the bones all of the above The unique compromise of the articulations in the appendicular skeleton is: the weaker the joint, the more restricted the range of motion the stronger the joint, the less restricted the range of motion the strength of the joint and range of motion are unrelated the stronger the joint, the more restricted the range of motion What is the longest and heaviest bone in the body? os coxae humerus tibia femur In a shoulder separation: the muscles attached to the clavicle and scapula are torn the clavicle and the scapula separate the acromioclavicular joint undergoes partial or complete dislocation the head of the femur separates from the clavicle The process on the humerus located near the head that establishes the contour of the shoulder is the: lateral epicondyle deltoid tuberosity greater tubercle intertubercular groove What bone articulates, or forms a joint, with the acetabulum? humerus femur pubis tibia The distal carpals are: trapezium, scaphoid, trapezoid, and lunate trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, and pisiform scaphoid, capitate, triquetral, and hamate Structures found in synovial joints that reduce friction where large muscles and tendons pass across the joint capsule are referred to as: the joint capsule bursae capsular ligaments articular condyles The largest carpal bone in the hand is the: trapezoid capitate hamate trapezium The only bone in the ankle that articulates with the tibia and the fibula is the: talus calcaneus navicular cuboid Severe fractures of the femoral neck have the highest complication rate of any fracture because: the blood supply to the region is relatively limited of the thickness and length of the bone of the restrictions imposed by ligaments and capsular fibers primary limits are imposed by the surrounding muscles A complete dislocation of the knee is extremely unlikely because of: the pair of cartilaginous pads that surround the knee the presence of bursae that serve to reduce friction the seven major ligaments that stabilize the knee joint the presence of the medial and lateral menisci The head of the ulna is located _____ to the ulnar tuberosity. medial superior lateral distal The reason opposition CANNOT occur between the hallux (first toe) and the first metatarsal is: the articulation is a hinge rather than a saddle joint the articulation is a gliding diarthrosis the articulation is a saddle rather than a hinge joint the articulation is like a ball-and-socket joint When a ligament is stretched to the point where some of the collagen fibers are torn, the injury is called a: sprain dancer's fracture dislocation strain The small pea-shaped pisiform bone sits anterior to the ______ bone. trapezoid scaphoid lunate triquetrum The bone that provides the only fixed support for the pectoral girdle is the: clavicle pelvis acetabulum scapula At its proximal end, the round head of the humerus articulates with the: radius scapula clavicle ulna The bone that forms the medial support of the forearm is the: ulna scapula humerus radius The bones that form the palm of the hand are the: phalanges carpals metacarpals metatarsals Which of the following statements about the pelvis is (are) true? It encloses the pelvic cavity. The arcuate line marks its superior border. The boney edge of the true pelvis is called the pelvic brim. all of the above Which of the following statements about the skeleton of a male is true? The general appearance of the bones is smoother. The skull is smaller. Bone markings are less prominent. The pelvic inlet is in a heart shape. What type of movement can be performed at the proximal radioulnar articulation? flexion rotational extension none of the above The structural characteristics of the pectoral girdle that allow for a great deal of movement are: strong ligaments that cross the joint heavy bones that it is a relatively weak joint just the first and second answers above all of the above The fovea capitis is a depression in: a rib the tibia the humerus the femoral head The large heel bone that transfers your body weight to the ground is the: cuboid talus metatarsal calcaneus The pollex is the: elbow big toe thumb heel bone The procedure that uses fiber optics to explore the inside of a joint through a small incision is: colposcopy arthroscopy osteotomy angiography The lumbar spine meets the pelvic girdle at the: coccyx sacrum pubic symphysis os coxae The distal processes of the tibia and fibula that act as a shield for the ankle are the: eminence malleolus lateral condyle head Carpal tunnel syndrome is an inflammation of the: elbow ankle wrist knee The coracoid process and acromion are parts of the: sacrum scapula pelvic girdle ankle When a person fractures the fibula, walking becomes difficult because: the fibula creates the medial aspect of the ankle joint. the fibula is part of the knee joint and transfers weight to the ankle joint. the fibula provides lateral stability to the ankle joint. both the first and second answers above Chapter9 This activity contains 50 questions. The clavicles articulate with a bone of the sternum called the: manubrium deltoideus xiphoid process scapula The surfaces of the scapulae and clavicles are extremely important as sites for: nourishment of muscles and bones muscle attachment positions of nerves and blood vessels support and flexibility The spine of the scapula is located on the bone's ______ side. lateral posterior anterior medial The bones of the pectoral girdle include the: ulna and radius clavicle and scapula ilium and ischium humerus and scapula The olecranon fossa on the humerus is located on the bone's ______ side. anterior medial posterior lateral In a female, the angle at pubic symphysis is greater than ____. 90 degrees 25 degrees 75 degrees 50 degrees The bone of the ankle that is just posterior to the medial cuneiform is called the: posterior cuneiform talus navicular bone posterior phalanx The bones of the pelvic girdle include the: ilium, ischium, and acetabulum tibia and fibula ilium, pubis, and ischium coxa, patella, and acetabulum The primary function of the pectoral girdle is to: support and maintain the position of the skull position the shoulder joint and provide a base for arm movement protect the organs of the thorax provide areas for articulation with the vertebral column The malleolus of the fibula is always on the ______ aspect of the leg. medial anterior lateral posterior The large medial bone of the lower leg is the: fibula humerus tibia femur A prominent deviation that runs along the center of the posterior surface of the femur, which serves as an attachment site for muscles that abduct the femur, is the: linea aspera trochanteric crest trochanteric lines greater trochanter The general appearance of the pelvis of the female compared with the male is that the female pelvis is: relatively deep heart shaped broad, light, and smooth robust, heavy, and rough In the female pelvis, you would expect the iliac crests to be _______. closer together than in the male pelvis the same distance apart as in the male pelvis further apart than in the male pelvis much closer together than in the male pelvis The sacrum and the coccyx are curved in: neither the male nor the female pelvis the male pelvis the female pelvis both the male and female pelvis When you sit down, you are resting your weight on your: obturator foramen ischial tuberosities iliac crests all of the above On the clavicle, the ______ articulates with the manubrium. sternal end conoid tubercle acromial end coracoid process Which of the following is (are) used in determining the age of a skeleton? the size and roughness of bone markings the presence or absence of epiphyseal plates the mineral content of the bones all of the above The unique compromise of the articulations in the appendicular skeleton is: the weaker the joint, the more restricted the range of motion the stronger the joint, the less restricted the range of motion the strength of the joint and range of motion are unrelated the stronger the joint, the more restricted the range of motion What is the longest and heaviest bone in the body? os coxae humerus tibia femur In a shoulder separation: the muscles attached to the clavicle and scapula are torn the clavicle and the scapula separate the acromioclavicular joint undergoes partial or complete dislocation the head of the femur separates from the clavicle The process on the humerus located near the head that establishes the contour of the shoulder is the: lateral epicondyle deltoid tuberosity greater tubercle intertubercular groove What bone articulates, or forms a joint, with the acetabulum? humerus femur pubis tibia The distal carpals are: trapezium, scaphoid, trapezoid, and lunate trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, and pisiform scaphoid, capitate, triquetral, and hamate Structures found in synovial joints that reduce friction where large muscles and tendons pass across the joint capsule are referred to as: the joint capsule bursae capsular ligaments articular condyles The largest carpal bone in the hand is the: trapezoid capitate hamate trapezium The only bone in the ankle that articulates with the tibia and the fibula is the: talus calcaneus navicular cuboid Severe fractures of the femoral neck have the highest complication rate of any fracture because: the blood supply to the region is relatively limited of the thickness and length of the bone of the restrictions imposed by ligaments and capsular fibers primary limits are imposed by the surrounding muscles A complete dislocation of the knee is extremely unlikely because of: the pair of cartilaginous pads that surround the knee the presence of bursae that serve to reduce friction the seven major ligaments that stabilize the knee joint the presence of the medial and lateral menisci The head of the ulna is located _____ to the ulnar tuberosity. medial superior lateral distal The reason opposition CANNOT occur between the hallux (first toe) and the first metatarsal is: the articulation is a hinge rather than a saddle joint the articulation is a gliding diarthrosis the articulation is a saddle rather than a hinge joint the articulation is like a ball-and-socket joint When a ligament is stretched to the point where some of the collagen fibers are torn, the injury is called a: sprain dancer's fracture dislocation strain The small pea-shaped pisiform bone sits anterior to the ______ bone. trapezoid scaphoid lunate triquetrum The bone that provides the only fixed support for the pectoral girdle is the: clavicle pelvis acetabulum scapula At its proximal end, the round head of the humerus articulates with the: radius scapula clavicle ulna The bone that forms the medial support of the forearm is the: ulna scapula humerus radius The bones that form the palm of the hand are the: phalanges carpals metacarpals metatarsals Which of the following statements about the pelvis is (are) true? It encloses the pelvic cavity. The arcuate line marks its superior border. The boney edge of the true pelvis is called the pelvic brim. all of the above Which of the following statements about the skeleton of a male is true? The general appearance of the bones is smoother. The skull is smaller. Bone markings are less prominent. The pelvic inlet is in a heart shape. What type of movement can be performed at the proximal radioulnar articulation? flexion rotational extension none of the above The structural characteristics of the pectoral girdle that allow for a great deal of movement are: strong ligaments that cross the joint heavy bones that it is a relatively weak joint just the first and second answers above all of the above The fovea capitis is a depression in: a rib the tibia the humerus the femoral head The large heel bone that transfers your body weight to the ground is the: cuboid talus metatarsal calcaneus The pollex is the: elbow big toe thumb heel bone The procedure that uses fiber optics to explore the inside of a joint through a small incision is: colposcopy arthroscopy osteotomy angiography The lumbar spine meets the pelvic girdle at the: coccyx sacrum pubic symphysis os coxae The distal processes of the tibia and fibula that act as a shield for the ankle are the: eminence malleolus lateral condyle head Carpal tunnel syndrome is an inflammation of the: elbow ankle wrist knee The coracoid process and acromion are parts of the: sacrum scapula pelvic girdle ankle When a person fractures the fibula, walking becomes difficult because: the fibula creates the medial aspect of the ankle joint. the fibula is part of the knee joint and transfers weight to the ankle joint. the fibula provides lateral stability to the ankle joint. both the first and second answers above