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Study Guide – Earthquake / Volcano 1. Diagrams – on the back of this paper label and draw the following: reverse fault normal fault single vent, cinder cone volcano strike-slip fault shearing tension compression composite, mountain-like cone volcano s-wave p-wave l-wave shield, basaltic volcano (built from fluid lava) 2. Fill in the blank a. The ____________________ scale assigns a number to determine the strength of earthquakes; each number being 32 times the energy of the previous number. b. Earthquakes occur mostly on plate ____________________. c. A ____________________ records the amplitude and frequency of earthquake waves. d. P, S, and L waves are produced by earthquakes and are called ____________________ waves. e. After observing the ____________________ of seismic waves, scientists decided the core is made of a solid and liquid layer. f. ________and_________ waves cannot pass through liquids. g. A scale based on visual damage and personal accounts is called the ____________________ scale. h. The ____________________ of an earthquake is the area underground where energy is released. i. The place on the earth’s surface directly above the focus is called the ____________________. j. ______ waves’ speed is half as fast as _______ waves’ (which arrive first) and _____ waves’ speed is the slowest. k. A scale that is more reliable for larger earthquakes is called the ____________________ scale. 3. Matching _____ Material found in magma that is formed from oxygen and silicon a. extinct _____ Low viscosity b. Aa _____ Unlikely to erupt again c. viscosity _____ Resistance of a liquid to flowing, dependent on temp. and silica content d. block/bomb _____ Hot, rope-like, fast moving type of lava e. lava _____ High viscosity, a lot of water and gas trapped in the magma f. pahoehoe _____ Magma that reaches the surface g. silica _____ Larger chunks or pieces of pyroclastic flow h. ash/cinder _____ Not currently active, but may become so in the future i. active _____ Molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water j. non-violent eruption _____ Erupting or showing signs of erupting k. magma _____ Cool, blocky, slow-moving type of lava l. violent eruption _____ Fine, rocky, or pebble-sized particles of pyroclastic material m. dormant 4. On the back of this paper, draw a volcano and label the following parts: crater, vent, lava, pipe, and magma