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End of the Year Benchmark Study Guide
Food webs
Write where they get their energy and give an example using the provided food web:
Producer- An organism that can produce its own food. Plants.
Primary consumer- An organism that eats plants. Beetle, Grasshopper Ect..
Secondary consumer- A consumer that eats a Primary consumer. Bird, Mouse Ect.
Decomposer-An organism that breaks down large molecules form dead organisms into
small molecules and returns nutrients back to the soil.
Scavenger (Not on this food web)-A carnivore that feeds on the bodies of dead organisms
What do they eat and give an example:
Herbivor- Eats plants only. Rabbit
Carnevore- Eats meat only. Lion
Omnivore- Eats plants and animals. Human, bear
Compare and contrast Food web vs. food chain:
What is the difference between a food web and a food chain?
A food web shows all possible combinations of how energy flows through an ecosystem,
A food chain shows only one possibility.
Energy Pyramid:
Which part of the pyramid has all of the energy for the ecosystem? Why?
The bottom, the producers. All of the energy is made by producers using energy from the
Sun.
What percentage of energy is transferred up to the next level?
10%
Body systems
Match the system to the correct description
Respiratory
Nervous
Circulatory
Excretory
Endocrine
Integumentary
Reproductive
Digestive
1.
Reproductive facilitates the continuation of a species
2.
Endocrine
uses hormones to help regulate the body’s activities
3.
Excretory
filters waste from blood to be expelled form the body
4.
5.
Respiratory acquires oxygen for the body and releases carbon dioxide
Circulatory works with the above system to move oxygen to all cells and
removeCarbon dioxide
6.
Digestive
7.
Nervous
breaks down large molecules so it can be absorbed by the body
uses electrical impulses to control the body’s activities
What three systems aid in body movement (Not part of matching)
_Muscular_______, __Skeletal___, and __Nervous_____ systems.
Fill in the chart:
Body System
Respiratory
Nervous
Endocrine
Excretory
Circulatory
Function
Organs
Exchange of gases, oxygen
and carbon dioxide
Coordinate body functions,
receive information,
deliver messages
Coordinate body functions
using chemical messages,
hormones
Remove liquid waste from
body
Carry nutrients to all cells,
carry waste away form all
cells
lungs
Brain, spinal cord,
neurons
Glands – pituitary,
adrenal, ovaries, testies,
thyroid etc.
Kidneys, urinary bladder
Heart, veins, arteries,
blood, capillaries
Cells
Match the cell organelle to the correct description:
Nucleus
Membrane
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Vacuole
Lysosome
Cell
Lysosome
similar to digestive system because it breaks down molecules
Cell Membrane
similar to the skin because it can protect by keeping things out
Vacuole
similar to excretory system because it stores waste for removal
Nuclus
similar to the brain because it directs all activities of the cell
Fill in the Venn Diagram using the words below:
Plant
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Small vacuole
Large vacuole
Cellular Membrane
Cellular Wall
Animal
Gives off oxygen
Gives off Carbon dioxide
Makes own food
Can not make own food
Made up of cells
Cell organelle
Function
Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell
Nucleus
Brain of the cell
Ribosome
Produce protien
Cell Membrane
Allows certain things in and out of the cell
Cell Wall
Support and protection in plants
Vacuole
Store water and some waste, turgor pressure
in plants
List the levels of organization starting with organelle:
Organelle, Cell___, _Tissue__, Organ______, _Organ system__,
__Organism_.
Succession
List the two types of succession.
____Primary Succession___, _Secondary Succession____.
What is the main difference between primary and secondary succession?
Primary succession starts with no soil, like when new land is formed, Secondary
succession happens when there is a disturbance in an existing ecosystem like a forest fire.
What is a pioneer species?
The first species to populate an area
What is a climax community?
When an ecosystem can maintain equilibrium
What are the first organisms found when an island is newly formed by volcanic activity?
Lichens and mosses
What are the first organisms found after a natural disaster, such as a forest fire in an
existing ecosystem?
Grasses
Genetics
Define and give an example:
Trait___A characteristic that an organism can pass on to an offspring through its genes. Blue
eyes
Selective BreedingChoosing to parents to breed to give the offspring desired traits. Large cows to take to
market
AdaptationsA characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment and reproduce.
Natural SelectionOrganisms live and breed because of special adaptations. A bug in a forest is green to
camaflage itself so it will not be eaten. Therefore it gets to live and reproduce. Orange
bugs are easy to see and get eaten and do not get the chance to reproduce.
Cell Theory
List the three parts of cell theory.
1)___All living things are composed of cells
2)___Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
3)___All cells are produced from other cells
Fill in the boxes using the words below (Hint not all boxes will be used):
Sexual Reproduction
vs.
Asexual Reproduction
Genetically diverse offspring
Genetically identical offspring
Two parents
One parent
Egg and Sperm
Cell division
Budding
Genetically identical offspring, Genetically diverse offspring, One parent, Two parents,
Egg and sperm, Cell division, Budding
Abiotic vs. Biotic
Define and list 3 examples of each
Abiotic-__A non-living part of an ecosystem
___air, rocks, sunlight
Biotic- _A living part of an ecosystem
Bear, Tree, Fungi
Scientific Method DRYMIX
Read the experiment below and answer the questions that follow.
Students made paper helicopters that had rotors of different lengths then followed the
procedure below:
1.
they dropped each helicopter 4 times form a set height
2.
timed how long it took for the helicopters to each the ground
3.
averaged the time for each helicopter
4.
compared average drop time to rotor length
What is the independent variable in this experiment?
Rotor length
What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
Drop time
Name at least 2 controlled variables in this experiment?
Drop height and number of times dropped
Using the experiment above, write a hypothesis using an IF Then Statement
If the rotor length is longer Then the time to land will be longer
Label the Graph below using the information
above.
Helicoptor rotor length vs time
to drop
Drop time in
seconds
DV
Helicopter rotor length in cm
IV