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Rome Review Sheet
Chapters 12-15 Harcourt Social Studies & Chapters 32-35 History Alive
1.
The Roman’s myth about the founding of their city was that _____________ and
_____________ built a town on the banks of the _____________ river.
Romulus
killed his brother and became king of the city named Rome.
2.
A Cuniculus is an _____________ invented by the _____________ and
later evolved into Roman _____________.
3.
Etruscan engineers utilized _____________ to support massive structures. The
Romans would later use these supports and _____________ to create even larger public
structures including bridges, _____________, and aqueducts.
4.
Etruscans sporting events included _____________ which would later evolve into
Gladiator events and _____________ races.
5.
Greek settlements were located in the _____________ of the Italian peninsula.
6.
Greeks influenced Roman architecture by showing them how to use ____________
to create temples for their gods and the use of ____________ to support their structures.
7.
The Roman language originated in ____________, was adopted and changed in
____________, and later borrowed by the Romans and altered once again.
8.
Greek ____________ showed pictures of Gods, Goddesses and heroes or everyday
life while Roman art celebrated ____________ and ____________.
9.
Roman mythology was created by bringing in Greek Gods and giving them
____________.
Romans were more concerned with performing the right
____________ for a particular occasion as opposed to writing stories about their Gods
interactions with one another.
10.
____________ were the first rulers of Rome prior to the formation of the Roman
Republic.
11. Patricians under Etruscan rule were ____________ class, wealthy
____________, and chose advisors for king.
They also held important
____________and ____________ offices.
12. Plebeians under Etruscan rule were ____________ class, mostly
____________, laborers, craftspeople, and shopkeepers.
They made up _________% of
Rome’s population. They could not be priests or govt. officials, little say in
____________, but were able to serve in army.
13. In 509 B.C.E. the Etruscans were driven out of Rome by the ____________ who
created a ____________.
14. The new government of Rome had a Senate of ____________ men who were elected
by ____________. Senators served for life, appointed other gov’t officials, and served as
judges. The gov’t also had two ____________, elected leaders who shared command of
the ____________. The Senate advised these men but the Senate made the laws.
15. Plebeians rebel in 494 B.C.E. because the ____________ held all power in the gov’t.
Pats changed ____________ since they were not written down to benefit themselves.
During times of war, Plebeians had to fight in battle but had no part in the ____________.
The Plebeians took a stand during the ________________________ and walked out
of the city and onto ____________ until they received more power.
16. Over the next 200 years the Plebeians were given various rights to eventually achieve
equality.
In 494 B.C.E. they were given the ____________ of the ____________ who spoke
on their behalf to senate and consuls. They were also given the ____________ of the
____________ which made laws for the Plebeians not pats.
In 451 B.C.E. laws were written down on the ________________________ and
placed in Roman forum.
In 367 B.C.E. one of the two ____________ had to be a pleb.
In 287 B.C.E. plebeians gained right to ____________ for all Romans.
17. First Period of Roman Expansion __________ to __________ B.C.E.:
Drove out ____________ kings. Would later sign a ____________ with their Latin
neighbors. Rome was burned to the ground by the ____________. Rome would rebuild,
increase the size of their ____________ and ____________, and later defeat the
____________ to the North.
By 275 B.C.E. Rome controlled the
entire____________.
18. Second Period of Roman Expansion __________to ___________ B.C.E.:
____________ was the dominant power in the Mediterranean Sea due to their powerful
____________.
When Rome conquered _____________ cities in southern Italy Rome
was drawn into a fight.
First Punic War: Fought mostly at _________. Romans lacked a strong navy so they
___________and ___________ Carthaginian ships.
Victory at sea won war for
Romans and they took over ____________ and other islands.
Second Punic War:
Carthaginians attack when ____________ marched army from Spain across the Alps and
into Italy. For ________ years Hannibal fought Romans. Romans decide to attack
____________.
Romans defeated Hannibal. Carthage turned over lands in
____________ and tons of money.
Third Punic War:
Romans burned Carthage to the ground killing many and forcing others into __________.
Rome controlled most of the ____________ Sea including North Africa, Macedonia,
Spain and numerous islands.
19. Third Period of Roman Expansion ___________ to ___________ B.C.E.:
____________ defeated ____________, to become named ___________ for
___________ by the Senate, this marked the end of the ____________.
Julius
Caesar was murdered by Rome’s ____________ who felt they were saving the republic.
20. Fourth Period of Roman Expansion _________ B.C.E. to _________ C.E.:
_______________ became Emperor and the Senate gave him the name _____________.
Augustus said he was restoring the power of the _____________ and the Roman people
but he was in complete control. Augustus pushed Rome’s borders to natural boundaries like the
_____________ River, _____________ River, Carpathian Mountains,
_____________ Desert and the _____________ Ocean.
Under Roman rule the
Mediterranean was at peace for 200 years, called the _____________ or Roman peace.
21. There were many ________________ religions in the Roman Empire. Jesus of Nazareth
was born in 4 B.C.E. and eventually arrested because Roman authorities felt he would lead the
____________ in a _____________.
22. After he was arrested, Jesus was _____________________ by the Romans. Before he died
Jesus commanded his __________________ to spread his teachings.
23. Romans were not tolerant of Christians because they did not __________________ the
Emperor as a god. Many Christians would become _____________________ dying for their
religious beliefs.
24. People began practicing Christianity because it gave people hope for a better
______________________________________________.
25. ___________________________________ was the first Roman Emperor to be Christian.
He issued the ___________ of ___________ which granted freedom of _______________ to
all citizens.
26. Emperor ___________________________ made Christianity the __________________
religion of the Roman Empire. He banned the practice of all other religions.
28. The Pax Romana ended after the rule of __________________. The empire had grown
______________ to protect from outside attackers such as the _____________________ from
the north, the ___________________ in Asia and the ________________ in Africa. The
empire was also too large to control the massive population who had very diverse beliefs.
Groups like the ________________ were growing in popularity. ___________ used their
armies to fight over the throne. Bloody ____________ severely weakened the Roman Empire.
29. The Roman Empire was split into two empires, the Western Roman Empire whose capital
was in __________, and the Eastern Roman Empire whose capital was in __________
by the emperor _______________ in A.D. 284. This and other reforms established by
Diocletian work _____________, but ultimately fail.
______________________
would eventually reunite the empire after a bloody civil war.
30. Climate change began to force farmers in Asia to move south and west in search of more
arable land. In doing so, _______ and the Huns pushed numerous _______________
into Rome. First the ______________ led by Alaric and then the _____________
conquered Rome. Finally, in A.D. 476, Germanic Chief ______________ conquered and
became the first Germanic King of Rome.
Name: _____________________Period:___ Date:__________________
Rome Review Answer Sheet
Chapter 7 Eastern Hemisphere & Chapters 32-35 History Alive
1. The Roman’s myth about the founding of their city was that
Romulus and Remus built
a town on the banks of the Tiber river. Romulus killed his brother and became king of the
city named Rome.
2.
A Cuniculus is an irrigation
system invented by the Etruscans and later
evolved into Roman Aqueducts.
3.
Etruscan engineers utilized Arches to support massive structures. The Romans would
later use these supports and concrete to create even larger public structures including
bridges, stadiums, and aqueducts.
4.
Etruscans sporting events included Slave
Fighting which would later evolve into
Gladiator events and Chariot races.
5.
Greek settlements were located in the Southern
region of the Italian peninsula.
6.
Greeks influenced Roman architecture by showing them how to use Marble to create
temples for their gods and the use of Columns to support their structures.
7.
The Roman language originated in Greece, was adopted and changed in Etruria, and
later borrowed by the Romans and altered once again.
8.
Greek Pottery showed pictures of Gods, Goddesses and heroes or everyday life while
Roman art celebrated Great
9.
Leaders and Events.
Roman mythology was created by bringing in Greek Gods and giving them New
Names.
Romans were more concerned with performing the right Ritual for a particular
occasion as opposed to writing stories about their Gods interactions with one another.
10.
Etruscans were the first rulers of Rome prior to the formation of the Roman Republic.
11. Patricians under Etruscan rule were Upper class, wealthy Landowners, and chose
advisors for king. They also held important Religious and Military offices.
12. Plebeians under Etruscan rule were Lower class, mostly Peasants, laborers,
craftspeople, and shopkeepers. They made up _95_% of Rome’s population. They could not
be priests or govt. officials, little say in Government, but were able to serve in army.
13. In 509 B.C.E. the Etruscans were driven out of Rome by the Patricians who created a
Republic.
14. The new government of Rome had a Senate of 300 men who were elected by
Patricians. Senators served for life, appointed other gov’t officials, and served as judges.
The gov’t also had two Consuls, elected leaders who shared command of the Army. The
Senate advised these men but the Senate made the laws.
15. Plebeians rebel in 494 B.C.E. because the Patricians held all power in the gov’t. Pats
changed Laws since they were not written down to benefit themselves. During times of war,
Plebeians had to fight in battle but had no part in the Decision
Plebeians took a stand during the Conflict
onto a
nearby hill
Making Process.
The
of the Orders and walked out of the city and
until they received more power.
16. Over the next 200 years the Plebeians were given various rights to eventually achieve
equality.
In 494 B.C.E. they were given the Tribune of the Plebs who spoke on their behalf to senate
and consuls. They were also given the Council of the Plebs which made laws for the
Plebeians not pats.
In 451 B.C.E. laws were written down on the Twelve
Tables and placed in Roman forum.
In 367 B.C.E. one of the two Consuls had to be a pleb.
In 287 B.C.E. plebeians gained right to Make
Laws for all Romans.
17. First Period of Roman Expansion 509 to 264 B.C.E.:
Drove out Etruscan kings. Would later sign a Peace
Treaty with their Latin neighbors.
Rome was burned to the ground by the Gauls. Rome would rebuild, increase the size of their
Wall and Army, and later defeat the Etruscans to the North.
controlled the entire Italian
By 275 B.C.E. Rome
Peninsula.
18. Second Period of Roman Expansion 264 to 146 B.C.E.:
Carthage was the dominant power in the Mediterranean Sea due to their powerful Navy.
When Rome conquered Greek cities in southern Italy Rome was drawn into a fight.
First Punic War:
Fought mostly at Sea. Romans lacked a strong navy so they Copied and Modified
Carthaginian ships. Victory at sea won war for Romans and they took over Sicily and other
islands.
Second Punic War:
Carthaginians attack when Hannibal marched army from Spain across the Alps and into
Italy. For 15 years Hannibal fought Romans. Romans decide to attack Carthage. Romans
defeated Hannibal. Carthage turned over lands in Spain and tons of money.
Third Punic War:Romans burned Carthage to the ground killing many and forcing others into
slavery.
Rome controlled most of the Mediterranean Sea including North Africa,
Macedonia, Spain and numerous islands.
19. Third Period of Roman Expansion 146 to 44 B.C.E.:
Julius Caesar defeated Pompey, to become named Dictator for Life by the Senate,
this marked the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar was murdered by Rome’s Senators
who felt they were saving the republic.
20. Fourth Period of Roman Expansion 44 B.C.E. to 14 C.E.:
Octavian became Emperor and the Senate gave him the name Augustus. Augustus said he
was restoring the power of the Senate and the Roman people but he was in complete control.
Augustus pushed Rome’s borders to natural boundaries like the Rhine River, Danube
River, Carpathian Mountains, Sahara Desert and the Atlantic Ocean. Under Roman rule
the Mediterranean was at peace for 200 years, called the Pax
Romana or Roman peace.
21. There were many different religions in the Roman Empire. Jesus of Nazareth was born in
4 B.C.E. and eventually arrested because Roman authorities felt he would lead the JEWS in a
REVOLT.
22. After he was arrested, Jesus was CRUCIFIED by the Romans. Before he died Jesus
commanded his DISCIPLES to spread his teachings.
23. Romans were not tolerant of Christians because they did not WORSHIP the Emperor as a
god. Many Christians would become MARTYRS dying for their religious beliefs.
24. People began practicing Christianity because it gave people hope for a better LIFE IN THE
AFTERLIFE
25. CONSTANTINE THE GREAT was the first Roman Emperor to be Christian. He issued
the EDICT of MILAN which granted freedom of WORSHIP to all citizens.
26. Emperor THEODOSIUS I made Christianity the OFFICIAL religion of the Roman
Empire. He banned the practice of all other religions.
28. The Pax Romana ended after the rule of Marcus
Aurelius.
The empire had grown too
large to protect from outside attackers such as the Germanic tribes from the north, the
Persians in Asia and the Berbers in Africa.
The empire was too large to control the
massive population who had very diverse beliefs. Groups like the Christians were growing
in popularity.
Generals used their armies to fight over the throne.
Bloody civil
wars
severely weakened the Roman Empire.
29. The Roman Empire was split into two empires, the Western Roman Empire whose capital
was in Rome, and the Eastern Roman Empire whose capital was in Byzantium by the
emperor Diocletian in A.D. 284. This and other reforms established by Diocletian work
temporarily, but ultimately fail. Constantine the Great would eventually reunite the
empire after a bloody civil war.
30. Climate change began to force farmers in Asia to move south and west in search of more
arable land. In doing so, Attila and the Huns pushed numerous Germanic
tribes into
Rome. First the Visigoths led by Alaric and then the Vandals conquered Rome. Finally,
in A.D. 476, Germanic Chief Odoacer conquered and became the first Germanic King of
Rome.