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Word DEFINITION Illustration More Info on vocabulary word Crete Mycenae Location of walled palaces of Asians who invaded the Greek mainland around 1900 B.C. and conquered the Greeks. Later named Mycenaeans, the people of this civilization became the first Greek kings. Peloponnesus Agamemnon Peninsula Body of land with water on three sides Although Greece has hundreds of islands offshore stretching from Greece to Asia, mainland Greece is a peninsula. Risings population after the Dark Ages caused cities to begin sending people outside Greece to start colonies. Colony Polis Agora Sparta Athens An area below the acropolis that served as a marketplace or are for debate in ancient Greek cities Founded by the Dorians, Sparta was an early Greek city-state that developed the form of government known as oligarchy Boys treated harshly to make them tough; men dedicated to the military (win or die, no surrender); girls trained in sports to be fit; women had more freedom in Sparta Word Solon DEFINITION Trusted Athenian whom both nobles and farmers trusted; reformed govt. in Athens by canceling farmer debt, allowed all males citizenship Illustration More Info on vocabulary word Despite freeing enslaved farmers, gaining rights for male citizens, he refused to take land from nobles and return it to farmers Peisistratus Cleisthenes Became the most important leader in Greece after the death of Peisistratus. He reorganized the assembly to play a central role in governing Tyrant Became one of the most powerful governments in early Greece. Oligarchy Democracy Form of government that developed in Athens in which all citizens share in running the government Helot Cyrus the Great Darius Xerxes Ruled from 559 B.C. to 530 B.C., he united the Persians into a powerful kingdom This is the same Cyrus who invaded Mesopotamia, captured Babylon and allowed the Israelites to worship God. Word DEFINITION Illustration More Info on vocabulary word Themistocles Persia Marathon Site of battle where Greeks defeated Persians during the Persian Wars; a plain located just outside Athens Thermopylae Because Greek ships were smaller, faster and easier to steer than Persian ships in this geographic feature, Greeks were able to destroy the Persian fleet Salamis Plataea Satrapies Also known as provinces, divisions of an empire to make it easier to control Satrap Zoroastrianism Delos Still practiced today in small numbers, this religion also believes that good will triumph in the end Beginning location of the Delian League’s treasury Word DEFINITION Illustration More Info on vocabulary word Pericles Aspasia Direct Democracy Representative Democracy Philosopher Not a native Athenian, one of the few women in Athens who managed to achieve some public rights People gather at meetings to decide on government matters; every citizen can vote firsthand on laws and policies This is the type of democracy is what we use in the US. This system is best because of the US having millions of people—direct democracy would not work. Word DEFINITION Illustration More Info on vocabulary word