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Biology: Chapter 6, lesson 1: How Animals Get and Digest Food. (notes) Animals cannot their own food. Must from other organisms Different animals = different ways of getting food Filter feeding: Filtering or food particles from the . Food must be tiny. Many animals that live in water use this method. Animals that move to get food: Sponges – filter through . Barnacles – use (act like screens) Mollusks – use . Animals that can : – swim with mouth open, capturing millions of tiny organisms and filtering through their baleen (combs of thick hair in place of teeth). Feeding on Fluids (liquids): Getting food from the of plants or other animals. Fluids are rich in . Aphids and cicadas: have mouthparts to draw from plants leaves, roots, and stem. Bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds: draw from flowers Spiders and assassin bugs: suck fluids from captured . Leeches, mosquitoes, and horse flies: suck from vertebrates. Consuming Large Pieces of Food: Most animals (eat) large pieces of solid food. Use different kinds of body structures to capture and consume food. Cnidarians: use with stinging cells to capture food and eat it whole. (chapter 6, lesson 1 continued) Insects: many have suited for cutting or chewing. Grasshoppers, termites, and beetles feed on – herbivores : animals that eat only plants or plant parts Dragonflies and praying mantises eat other – carnivores : animals that eat only other animals (meat). Omnivores: animals that eat both plants and animals. (example: human and bears) Vertebrates: the only animals with (not all have them). Different shapes and sizes do different jobs. at front of mouth: cut food into pieces (incisors = the ones you bite with) Long, teeth: grip and pierce food (canines = “fangs”) surface: grind and crush food (premolars and molars = the ones you chew with). Teeth type tell what an animal eats: : long canine teeth and sharp, pointed molars = tear . : use incisors to clip plants, large molars with flat surfaces = grinding . Omnivores: have a combination of the types of teeth = tear flesh and grind plants. Digesting Food: Food contains . , , and Provide that an animal needs. Food is too large for most animal cells to absorb Must be broken down into chemicals This process is called . (chapter 6, lesson 1 continued) Digestion occurs by digestive : Secreting = “form and .” Enzymes = substance that a chemical change in living things. Digestion cells: : cells trap food particles and package them into (storage organelles inside the cell) where digestive enzymes break down the food and then the cell absorbs the “food” chemicals from the vacuoles. Drawback: food must be enough to fit inside vacuoles tiny food particles. Digestion cells: Most other animals: eat food, digestion occurs outside cells, then “food” chemicals are absorbed by the cells. Advantage: can eat much foods. Gastrovascular Cavities: (cavity = open space, like a cave) (lower animals) Cnidarians and flatworms digest food in a gastrovascular cavity. Only have opening = the mouth. Food enters mouth special cells in cavity secrete digestive enzymes that break down the food cells absorb particles. Material not digested leaves through the . Digestive Tracts: (tract = path) More developed (higher) animals have a . digestive space with an opening at end. Food moves in direction only entrance to exit Different parts of tract carry out different functions. Main functions: food food nutrients (chapter 6, lesson 1 continued) Most digestive tracts are organized in the same way with some differences. Example: Birds Food enters through the . Travels through the to the : food storage. Passes to : food mixes with and digestive enzymes. Mixture moves to : food into watery paste. Moves into : more enzymes added, nutrients absorbed through intestine wall, and water is absorbed (to make feces solid). Digestion is completed here. Anything that can’t be digested: leaves body through the . Humans and other mammals: don’t have a crop or gizzard carries out the functions: food storage, mixing with acids and enzymes, and grinds food to watery paste (chyme).