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Study Guide 16 Collapse of Trans-Eurasian Trade, Medieval Europe The Earth and Its Peoples (p. 219-227, 234237) AP World History Kienast/Mabon Key terms: Great Schism Nika Riots Hagia Sophia Treaty of Verdun Medieval period Clovis Charles Martel Battle of Tours Pepin the Short Charlemagne Louis the Pious Carolingian Dynasty Feudalism or Manorialism Fief Manor Tithe Serfs Three field crop rotation Hanseatic League (Hansa) Burghers or bourgeois King John Magna Carta Capetian Dynasty Estates-General Essential questions: 1. The Carolingian Dynasty was known for what religious contributions to history? 2. What impact did feudalism or manorialism have upon Western Europe? Key Concepts Familiarize yourself with the following key concepts through class discussions or readings: Key Concept 3.1. Expansion and Intensification of Communication and Exchange Networks I. Improved transportation technologies and commercial practices led to an increased volume of trade, and expanded the geographical range of existing and newly active trade networks. D. Commercial growth was also facilitated by state practices, trading organizations (such as the Hanseatic League), and state-sponsored commercial infrastructures E. The expansion of empires facilitated Trans-Eurasian trade and communication as new peoples were drawn into their conquerors’ economies and trade networks. Required examples of empires: The Byzantine Empire Key Concept 3.2. Continuity and Innovation of State Forms and Their Interactions I. Empires collapsed and were reconstituted; in some regions new state forms emerged. A. Following the collapse of empires, most reconstituted governments, including the Byzantine Empire combined traditional sources of power and legitimacy with innovations better suited to the current circumstances. B. In some places, new forms of governance emerged, including those developed in various Islamic states and decentralized government (feudalism) in Europe Key Concept 3.3. Increased Economic Productive Capacity and Its Consequences III. Despite significant continuities in social structures and in methods of production, there were also some important changes in labor management and in the effect of religious conversion on gender relations and family life. C. New forms of coerced labor appeared, including serfdom in Europe Free peasants resisted attempts to raise dues and taxes by staging revolts, such as the Nika Riots.