Download Key terms: Great Schism Nika Riots Hagia

Study Guide XX
Christian Societies Emerge in Europe
The Earth and Its Peoples: Chapter 9
World History AP (WHAP)
Key terms:
Great Schism
Nika Riots
Hagia Sophia
Caesaropapism
Treaty of Verdun
Medieval period
Clovis
Charles Martel
Battle of Tours
Pepin the Short
Charlemagne
Carolingian Dynasty
Feudalism or Manorialism
Fief
Manor
Tithe
Serfs
Heresy
Indulgence tax
Excommunication
Inquisition board
Papacy
Viking
Eric the Red
Leif Ericson
Rurik
Kievan Russia
Vladimir
Novgorod
Holy Land
Crusader States
Crusade of Kings
Saladin
Philip Augustus
Frederick Barbarossa
Richard I
Children’s Crusade
Black Plague
Essential questions:
1. The Carolingian Dynasty was known for what religious contributions to history?
2. What impact did feudalism or manorialism have upon Western Europe?
3. Did the Medieval Church use the concepts of heresy, excommunication, and the inquisition to create order
in a chaotic society, or as a way to acquire power over people’s lives?
4. How did trade routes promote the growth of Russian cities?
5. What major historical changes developed due to the Crusades?
6. Contrast the importance (power) of the spiritual and secular leaders in the East with those in the West.
7. In what way did the outcome of the Battle of Tours redirect the future of the Western world?
Key Concepts
Familiarize yourself with the following key concepts through class discussions or readings:
Key Concept 3.1. Expansion and Intensification of Communication and Exchange Networks
I. Improved transportation technologies and commercial practices led to an increased volume of trade,
and expanded the geographical range of existing and newly active trade networks.
A. Existing trade routes flourished and promoted the growth of powerful new trading cities.
Required examples of existing trade routes: The Silk Roads
D. Commercial growth was also facilitated by state practices, trading organizations (such as the Hanseatic
League), and state-sponsored commercial infrastructures
E. The expansion of empires facilitated Trans-Eurasian trade and communication as new peoples were drawn
into their conquerors’ economies and trade networks.
Required examples of empires: The Byzantine Empire & the Mongols
II. The movement of peoples caused environmental and linguistic effects.
A. The expansion and intensification of long-distance trade routes often depended on environmental knowledge
and technological adaptations to it (example: The way Scandinavian Vikings used their longships to travel in
coastal and open waters as well as in rivers and estuaries)
Key Concept 3.2. Continuity and Innovation of State Forms and Their Interactions
I. Empires collapsed and were reconstituted; in some regions new state forms emerged.
A. Following the collapse of empires, most reconstituted governments, including the Byzantine Empire
combined traditional sources of power & legitimacy with innovations better suited to the current circumstances.
B. In some places, new forms of governance emerged, including those developed in various Islamic states and
decentralized government (feudalism) in Europe
Key Concept 3.3. Increased Economic Productive Capacity and Its Consequences
III. Despite significant continuities in social structures and in methods of production, there were also
some important changes in labor management and in the effect of religious conversion on gender
relations and family life.
C. New forms of coerced labor appeared, including serfdom in Europe
Free peasants resisted attempts to raise dues and taxes by staging revolts, such as the Nika Riots.