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Early Industry, Irish Immigration and Reforms: Transportation in the early 1800s. Railroads: Map 11.1 (p 359); Map 12.1 (p 400) http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2007-04-03-francetrain_N.htm “The Rocket” and speed records Eire Canal: describe (p 361) Early Steamboats: What were their advantages over other modes of transportation? Detriments? Why were they dangerous? (362-3) The Telegraph: questions (p 402-3). How did the Telegraph work? Where did the telegraph lines run? Can you think of any parallels to inventions today or in recent times? Cook Stoves (p 338): What were the benefits to the developments of stoves? Why did they develop WHEN they did? What resistance was there against them? Can you think of any parallels to inventions today or in recent times? Lowell Mills: (p 361-4). One author has written: “The Lowell mills both exploited and liberated women in ways unknown to the pre-industrial political economy.” In what ways was working at the mills liberating and in what ways was it exploitative? Early Industrial Revolution in the US: What is the Industrial Revolution? What revolutions in industry happened? When, Where? Key industries/products: Steam engine Clothing Iron Coal Social and Economic Impacts: Relocation: Workers concentrated in cities; work in factories (Lowell Mills: early) Work changes: schedule Child labor as an issue (moreso later in US) Slavery grows in the South “The Lowell mills both exploited and liberated women in ways unknown to the pre-industrial political economy.” Explain. What is the “free labor ideal” ? Demographics and Immigration: Numbers: Where: Who: Main Occupation: Immigration: Irish immigration articles? Between 1840-60: ¾ of immigrants came from Germany or Ireland. Occupations? Religion? Other demographics? Discussion questions Irish Immigration. Religion and Reform: Second Great Awakening Temperance “moral reform” Abolition o American Colonization Society o “Transatlantic Abolition” article Romanticism: define Transcendentalism Utopian communities: Why? o Fouriers o Oneidans