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Transcript
Ecology Review Sheet Honors Biology 1. You should be able to define ecology and the different levels in an ecosystem: niche, population, community, ecosystem, biome, and biosphere 2. Be able to relate the ecological concept of niche to what you learned in evolution. (i.e., what happens when an organism tries to move into a niche that is already occupied by another organism?) 3. Be able to discuss and define different symbioses that occur in a population: mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. 4. Be able to discuss how living things (biotic factors) interact with their environment (including abiotic factors). a. Understand carrying capacity b. Understand how the rate of reproduction can affect populations c. Be able to briefly (just in very general ways) discuss how relative warmth, salt vs. freshwater, sunlight, oxygen levels, and soil type could affect the organisms living in an area 5. Be able to discuss the interaction of organisms in the environment (know carnivore, herbivore, omnivore, and decomposer; producer, consumer, predator). Be able to make and read a simple food web, and understand what is meant by producers and various levels of consumers at the different trophic levels. 6. Know how to read an ecological pyramid, and understand the rule of 10: just 10% of the energy is passed from producer to primary consumer, from primary consumer to secondary consumer, etc. 7. Define ecological succession. Know the role of pioneer organisms, and what a climax community is. 8. Be able to discuss the following cycles of material in the environment: (You do not need to memorize the cycles! Just get a feeling for what is happening.) a. Carbon cycle What is carbon used for in living things? Where is the reservoir (where most of the carbon is found in the environment)? What are the two cellular energetics pathways involved in the carbon cycle? What other element besides carbon plays an important role in this cycle? b. Nitrogen cycle What is nitrogen used for in living things? What is the reservoir for nitrogen in the environment? What is the role of nitrogen-fixing (aka nitrifying) bacteria? c. Water cycle Know in general the water cycle. This is mainly an Earth science topic. 9. Be familiar with the descriptions of the following biomes: a. Tropical rain forest b. Savannah c. Chaparral d. Desert e. Deciduous forest f. Taiga g. Tundra Understand the role that water levels and temperature play in the biomes (for example, if you are hot and receive a little water, you are a savannah; if you are hot and receive a lot of water you are a tropical rainforest). Vocabulary Abiotic factors Biome Biosphere Biotic factors Carbon cycle Carnivore Carrying capacity Chaparral Climax community Commensalism Community Consumer Deciduous forest Denitrifying bacteria Desert Ecological pyramid Ecological succession Ecology Ecosystem Food web Herbivore Mutualism Niche Nitrogen cycle Nitrogen fixation Omnivore Parasitism Pioneer organism Population Predator Producer Rule of 10 Saprophyte (or decomposer) Savannah Symbiosis Taiga Trophic level Tropical rain forest Tundra Water Cycle