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Exploring Life Science Chapter 8 Plants Chapter 8 – Plants Engage: What do plants respond to? Objectives: 1. Identify 3 stimuli that produce plants responses. 2. Describe how plants respond to seasonal changes. 3. State how long different angiosperms live. 8-5 Plants Responses and Growth A. Tropisms – Plant growth response toward or away from stimulus. 1. Touch Thigmotropism – Thigmo = “Touch” Bladderworts Vines- grow around what they touch. 2. Light – Stimulus TROPISM response Positive tropism - growth toward stimulus. Negative tropism - growth away from stimulus. Response Stimulus Phototropism = light plant grows toward 1 Exploring Life Science Chapter 8 Plants 2 Exploring Life Science Chapter 8 Plants 3. Gravity Gravitropism Roots – Positive Stems – Negative 4. Hormones & Tropisms Hormones – chemical that affects how the plant grows and develops. Auxin – hormone that speeds up the rate at which a plant’s cells grow. 3 Exploring Life Science Chapter 8 Plants B. Seasonal Changes 1. Photoperiodism – a plant’s response to seasonal changes in length of night and day. Short-day plants – flower when nights are longer. Long-day plants – flower when nights are shorter. Critical night length – is the number of hours of darkness – ex. 11 hours Day-neutral plants – flowering cycle is not sensitive to periods of light and dark. 2. Dormancy- period when an organisms growth or activity stop. Causes – lack of liquid water Fall colors – plant stops producing chlorophyll other pigments become visible. 4 Exploring Life Science Chapter 8 Plants C. Life Spans of Angiosperms 1. Annuals, Biennials, and Perennials Annuals -- plants that complete their life cycle within one growing season. Annus = year (Ex: Marigolds, petunias, garden flowers, wheat, rye & tobacco plants). Biennials -- plants that complete their life cycle in two years. Bi = two Sprout & grow roots, stems & leaves 1st year roots survive winter. 2nd year flowers & seeds. (Ex: Sugar beets, carrots, celery and foxgloves). 5 Exploring Life Science Chapter 8 Plants Perennials -- plants that live many years. Per = through Through many years. Herbaceous = garden peonies Woody = pine trees, rhododendron bushes, lilacs. 6